All half-cell experiments were carried out with a potentiostat/galvanostat (IM6eX, Zahner, Kronach, Germany). Tests of bifunctional GDE (2.54 cm2) for OER/ORR were performed in a Poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) cell (FlexCell, Gaskatel, Kassel, Germany) equipped with a Pt-coated Ti sheet as counter and a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) as a reference electrode. Two experimental protocols were applied with respect to electrolyte used in order to avoid any deterioration of the catalyst structure in 7 M KOH. Especially during a cathodic scan where molecular oxygen is produced, a maximal potential scanning rate and current density value was set to 5 mV s−1 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. For investigation in ionic liquid, the maximum current density was fixed to 10 mA cm−2. All experiments were carried out with synthetic dry air (79.5% N2 + 20.5% O2, Linde GmbH, Offenbach, Germany) at 10 mbar overpressure. Residual moisture was removed from the synthetic air feed by connecting a gas drying unit (Drierite™) filled with CaSO4 pellets (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany). A long-term stability protocol consisted of 2.0 h for OER (charging) and ORR (discharging) step at 100 µA cm−2 each with a 30 min interruption at open circuit voltage (OCV) in-between.
Drierite
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany
Drierite is a desiccant product manufactured by the Merck Group. Its core function is to absorb moisture and maintain low humidity levels in enclosed environments.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Im6ex, by Zahner (1 mentions)
Kinetex 2.6 m c18 100 lc column 100 4 6 mm, by Phenomenex (1 mentions)
Rf 20a, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Powerlab system, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Fc 10a, by Sable Systems (1 mentions)
N hexane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Diethyl ether, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Benzyl alcohol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tris hydroxymethyl aminomethane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Titanium 4 tetrachloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Parafilm, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Femtojet 4i microinjector, by Eppendorf (1 mentions)
13 protocols using drierite
1
Bifunctional GDE Electrochemical Characterization
2
Extraction and Quantification of Tocopherols from Seeds
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Arabidopsis seeds were harvested and collected in 2 ml Eppendorf tubes, a few pieces of Drierite were added (cat # 238988, Sigma-Aldrich) and the tubes capped and kept at room temperature for at least 4 weeks before weighing and extraction. For corn, ears of field-grown maize were harvested and air-dried at 37 °C for 3 days, hand shelled, ground to powder using IKA tube mill (cat # 0004180001, IKA) under the setting of: speed 25,000 rpm, total time: 2 min, grinding interval time: 5 s with at least 30 s paused between grindings. Details for extracting tocopherols from Arabidopsis and maize seeds are listed as short protocols following the methods section. HPLC separation and quantification were performed using a Kinetex® 2.6 µm C18 100 Å, LC Column 100 × 4.6 mm (cat # 00D-4462-E0, Phenomenex) with the following conditions. Gradient (Time, B %): 0–3 min, 100; 3–5 min, 85; 5–10 min, 30; 10–11.2 min, 0; 11.2–13, 100. Oven temperature was 40 °C and FLD (Fluorescence detector; Shimadzu model, RF-20A, cat# 228-45147-42) settings were Excitation Wavelength 290 nm and Emission Wavelength 330 nm with attenuation set to low sensitivity. Solvent B: 85:15:0.1 v/v/v Acetonitrile/Water/Triethylamine; Solvent A: 100% Ethyl Acetate; Pump flow: 2 ml/min.
3
Rapid Desiccation of Drosophila
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Approximately 80 flies per vial were water deprived by housing them for a defined time period with a 2cm × 6cm piece of dry sucrose-coated filter paper at 25°C and 60% humidity. For 6h quick desiccation, flies were kept in vials containing a 2cm × 3cm piece of dry sucrose-coated filter paper above a thick layer of drierite (Sigma-Aldrich). The flies and sugar paper were separated from the drierite by a layer of cotton wool. The vials were kept in a sealed box containing a thin layer of drierite for 6h.
4
Cardiac and Respiratory Monitoring Protocol
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The ECG was recorded at 1 kHz, amplified and filtered using a bioamplifier and data acquisition unit (PowerLab system, ADInstruments), and used as a measure of mean fH. Instantaneous fH was calculated from RRi on the ECG waveform and used to obtain the sequence of intervals required for derivation of HRV, as described in the following sections.
To record the incidence and volume of air breaths, a Fleisch tube (pneumotachograph) connected to a differential pressure transducer [adapted from Glass et al. (52 )] was connected to the open end of the funnel. The air chamber was continuously flushed at 400 ml min−1 via a mass flow controller (Sable Systems International). The excurrent air passed through columns of Drierite (Sigma-Aldrich) and an O2 analyzer (FC-10A; Sable Systems International). All signals were recorded continuously by a data acquisition system (ADInstruments) and used to calculate the frequency of air breaths (fR) and O2 uptake per breath.
To record the incidence and volume of air breaths, a Fleisch tube (pneumotachograph) connected to a differential pressure transducer [adapted from Glass et al. (52 )] was connected to the open end of the funnel. The air chamber was continuously flushed at 400 ml min−1 via a mass flow controller (Sable Systems International). The excurrent air passed through columns of Drierite (Sigma-Aldrich) and an O2 analyzer (FC-10A; Sable Systems International). All signals were recorded continuously by a data acquisition system (ADInstruments) and used to calculate the frequency of air breaths (fR) and O2 uptake per breath.
5
Bacterial Expression and Desiccation Assay
6
Synthesis of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles
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Titanium(IV) tetrachloride
(99.9% trace metal basis), benzyl alcohol (puriss., 99–100.5%
(GC)), tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (Trizma base, puriss., ≥99.7%),
ethanol (absolute ≥99.8% for analysis), diethyl ether (puriss.,
≥99.8%), n-hexane (≥97.0% for HPLC),
acetone (≥99.8% for HPLC), and Drierite (without indicator,
4 mesh) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich/Merck. RTV Silicon Elastosil
E43 was purchased from Wacker Chemie AG. Nitrogen 4.5, helium 4.6,
oxygen 5.0, and carbon dioxide 3.0 were purchased from PanGas AG Switzerland,
and sulfur hexafluoride 3.0 was purchased from Linde Gas. All chemicals
were used as received without further purification.
(99.9% trace metal basis), benzyl alcohol (puriss., 99–100.5%
(GC)), tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (Trizma base, puriss., ≥99.7%),
ethanol (absolute ≥99.8% for analysis), diethyl ether (puriss.,
≥99.8%), n-hexane (≥97.0% for HPLC),
acetone (≥99.8% for HPLC), and Drierite (without indicator,
4 mesh) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich/Merck. RTV Silicon Elastosil
E43 was purchased from Wacker Chemie AG. Nitrogen 4.5, helium 4.6,
oxygen 5.0, and carbon dioxide 3.0 were purchased from PanGas AG Switzerland,
and sulfur hexafluoride 3.0 was purchased from Linde Gas. All chemicals
were used as received without further purification.
7
PEG Reagent Quality Control for In Situ PCR
8
Desiccation Resistance in Flies
9
Freeze-drying Optimization for Protein Conjugation
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30 µL aliquots of IMX-DogTag at 10 μM in 50 mM Tris•borate pH 7.25 were prepared in 100 μL thin-wall PCR tubes (StarLab). The tubes were snap-frozen in a dry ice/ethanol bath for 30 min. Lyophilization was performed in a BenchTop 2K freeze-dryer (VirTis) for 48 h under vacuum at 0.14 mbar and −72.5 °C. Samples were then stored at 37 °C in a glass scintillation vial sealed with Parafilm (Sigma) on a bed of Drierite (Sigma-Aldrich). Aliquots were removed at different time points to analyze conjugation efficiency. Samples were reconstituted in reaction buffer to give a final concentration of 10 μM of all protein components and 50 mM Tris•borate pH 7.25 + 15% (v/v) glycerol. Reactions were performed for 2 h at 4 °C and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and densitometry.
10
Turtlegrass Bed Sampling for Immune Assays
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A survey of 15 T. testudinum beds was conducted across FB in late May, 2015 (Supplementary Table S1 ), in tandem with the spring 2015 Fisheries Habitat Assessment Program (FHAP) survey of the region (see next section for details). Ten turtlegrass shoots were haphazardly collected (roughly 8–10 m apart) along each permanent FHAP transect site. Individual specimens were bagged, temporarily stored on ice, and processed on land no more than 4 h post-collection. For processing, the third rank blade of each sample was split longitudinally; one half was stored in −80°C for use in immune activity assays and the other was preserved in Drierite® (Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) desiccant for qPCR procedures.
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