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14 protocols using αpd 1

1

Subcutaneous Tumor Priming and Boosting

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Ad5-infected KP-LC, KPL 160302S, or KPL 160424S cells produced as described above were injected s.c, using 100 μl per inoculation, in the right flank of male KP mice 2 weeks 4 days after Ad-Cre inhalation, as a prime. Four weeks later, cells treated with VVL15-MMC were injected subcutaneously in the same side as a boost. For analysis of α-PD1 combination, 600 μg α-PD1 (Bioxcell) was administered to mice intra-peritoneally (i.p.) 2 weeks post-prime and 1 and 3 weeks post-booster injection.
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2

LKRM Tumor Cell Injection and PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade

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LKRM (Lung K-Ras G12D mutant Modified) cells, a kind gift from Prof. Steven Albelda, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, were cultured and maintained in DMEM media, supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, 2 mM glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μm/mL streptomycin (Biological Industries, Beit-Haemek, Israel) [24 (link)]. Cell cultures were maintained at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Cell cultures were regularly tested and maintained negative for mycoplasma contamination. B6/129 mice were injected into the flank with 1 × 106 LKRM tumor cells suspended in 100 μL of PBS. Following tumor inoculation, tumor size was monitored every 1–3 days, and tumor volume was calculated using the formula volume = length × width2 × 3.14/6. After reaching a tumor size of approximately 200 mm3, LKRM tumor-bearing mice were injected IP with a volume of 100 μL containing 250 μg αPD-1, αPD-L1 antibodies (BioXCell, Lebanon, NH, USA), clone RMPI-14, clone 10F.9G2, respectively) or vehicle every 3 days for a total of 3 injections (day 0, 3, and 6). Tumor volume was measured every 3 days. Mice were sacrificed on day 7, and the thyroid glands were harvested and immediately frozen at −80 °C until analyzed.
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3

Activation and Reinvigoration of Autoreactive T Cells

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CD4+ MHC-II restricted BDC2.5 T cells, a generous gift from Dr. Kathryn Haskins (University of Colorado), were maintained in supplemented DMEM as previously described (22 (link)–25 (link)). Briefly, BDC2.5 T cells were cultured in T-25 flasks with β membrane (antigen), irradiated NOD splenocytes (antigen presenting cells: APC), and EL-4 supernatant (source of IL-2) for 2 weeks in a cell culture incubator. For mechanistic studies, a subset of flasks were treated with 5 µM PFK15 every third day over the course of the restimulation period. Day 8 and 14 T cells and culture supernatants were harvested for downstream analyses. Similarly, for reinvigoration studies, untreated and PFK15 treated T cells were put into restimulation flasks ±5µg/mL αPD-1 (clone J43; BioXCell), αLAG-3 (clone C9B7W; BioXCell), or αPD-1 + αLAG-3. Cells were treated every third day for 2 weeks.
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4

Combination Therapy for Cancer Treatment

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For drug dosage and route of administration, we followed reported methods [12 (link)]. In brief, cyclophosphamide (Cy) (Tocris Bioscience) was used at a final concentration of 100 mg/Kg and administrated intraperitoneally (i.p.) twice, each dose one week apart. When LCL161 (Chemietek) was used, 50 mg/Kg LCL161 was administrated via the oral gavage (o.g.) route. The checkpoint inhibitor α-PD-1 (BioXCell) was administrated intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a final concentration of 10 mg/Kg. One week after cancer implantation, both LCL161 and α-PD-1 were administrated on days 1, 4, 8, 11 as described in Figure 4A.
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5

Purification and Reagent Acquisition

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αPD‐1 and SFX were purchased from BioXCell (Lebanon, NH, USA) and Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), respectively. The deionized water used in this study was purified using the AquaMax‐Ultra Water Purification System (Anyang, Republic of Korea). All other chemicals were used as received without further purification.
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6

Dual Immunotherapy for Murine Tumor Models

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MC38 tumor cell line was cultured in complete DMEM medium plus with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (P.S). CT26 cancer cells are transfected with plasmid coding MSLN ORF, and selected by surface marker MSLN using fluorescenec-activated cell sorting (FACS). CT26-MSLN tumor cell line was cultured in complete DMEM medium plus with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (P.S). For MC38 tumor model, C57BL/6 mice were injected with 1 million cells intradermally (i.d.). For CT26-MSLN tumor model, 1 million cells were injected intradermally (i.d.) into BALB/c mice. MC38 and CT26 bearing mice were randomized into four treatment cohorts: control IgG, HSA-IL21, α-PD-1 (clone J43, BioXCell) or HSA-IL21/α-PD-1. HSA-IL21 was injected by intraperitoneally (i.p.) 25 μg per mouse, α-PD-1 were injected by intraperitoneally (i.p.) 200 μg per mouse. All mice were administered on the 5th day after tumor inoculation. Tumor sizes were monitored every 2–3 days, and the tumor volume was calculated as L× W2/2.
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7

Evaluating Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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The animal management committee of Nanjing Medical University approved the animal experiment, and all experimental procedures and animal caring abided by the institutional ethics directions for animals-related experimental processes. The injection of H22 cells was made into mice (n = 5 in each group). Carcinoma transplanted tumor model mice were divided into four groups: wild type (WT), APOC1−/−, αPD1, APOC1−/−+αPD1 group, (n = 5 per group). The four groups of mice were treated by complying with the corresponding groups. αPD1 or APOC1−/−+αPD1 group received 200 μg αPD1(Bioxcell, USA) intraperitoneal injection for seven days and twice a week after that. The activity, spirit, and diet of mice were observed daily before and after the experiment. The long diameter A (mm) and short diameter B (mm) of the tumor were determined by vernier calipers every four days, and the tumor volume (V) of the mice was calculated by V = AB2/2, and the tumor growth curve was plotted. After 21 days, the mice were sacrificed by neck dissection.
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8

Adoptive Cell Therapy for Melanoma

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B16-mOVA cell line was selected with geneticin G418 (Gibco) for 2 weeks before use. All tumour experiments were performed with the same passage number of the cell line. 150,000 B16-mOVA cells were injected subcutaneously 1:1 in Matrigel® Basement Membrane Matrix, phenol red-free (Corning). After 14 days, CK666-treated or non-treated BM-DCs previously primed with OVA (Sigma–Aldrich) and activated with LPS (Sigma–Aldrich) were injected in the footpad; and CD8+ OT-I T cells were injected intravenously in the tail vein. The tumour volume was measured using a digital caliper every 2 days, and mice were sacrificed when the tumour reached the volume of 1 cm3. Tumour volume was calculated by assuming that the tumour has an ellipsoid shape (cm3): (l × w2)/2, where l (length) is the larger of two perpendicular axes and w (width) is the smaller of two perpendicular axis. When α-PD1 (BioXCell; cat #BE0146) was used, 150 µg of the protein in a DPBS solution was injected together with CD8+ T cells intravenously.
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9

Combination Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy for Cancer

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Antibodies were delivered intraperitoneally in 100 μl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). αCD4 (catalog no. GK1.5, BioXCell) and αCD8 (catalog no. 2.43, BioXCell) were administered at 200 μg every 4 d. αPD-1 (catalog no. 29F.1A12, BioXCell) was administered at 200 μg 3× a week. αCTLA (catalog no. 9H10, BioXCell) was administered at an initial dose of 200 μg, with subsequent doses at 100 μg, 3× a week. Oxaliplatin (Sigma-Aldrich) and cyclophosphamide (Sigma-Aldrich) (Oxa/Cyc) were co-delivered intraperitoneally in 100 μl of PBS at 2.5 mg per kg body weight and 50 mg per kg body weight, respectively, once a week for 3 weeks, as previously described42 (link).
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10

Chemo-immunotherapy for 4T1 and EMT6 Tumors

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For in vivo chemotherapy, 4T1 tumor-bearing mice were randomly distributed into four groups (n = 5) for injection of various agents: (1) Saline (control), (2) Losartan (40mg/kg, i.p., daily for 8 days), (3) Dox-L (5mg/kg, i.v., once every 3 days for up to 3 doses), (4) Losartan + Dox-L. The Losartan powder was dissolved in saline to obtain a concentration of 4 mg/mL, and the injection volume was 200µL. The Dox-L was diluted in saline to obtain a concentration of 1mg/mL, and the injection volume was 100µL.
For in vivo chemo-immunotherapy, 4T1 or EMT6 tumor-bearing mice were randomly distributed into six groups (n = 5) for injection of various agents: (1) Saline (control), (2) α-PD1 (10mg/kg, i.p., once every 3 days for up to 3 doses, BioXCell, USA), (3) Losartan + α-PD1, (4) Losartan + Dox-L, (5) Dox-L + α-PD1, (6) Losartan + Dox-L + α-PD1. The injection for Losartan and Dox-L was conducted following the same procedure as described above. The α-PD1 was diluted in saline to obtain a concentration of 2mg/mL, and the injection volume was 100µL.
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