Isr 2600plus

Firstly, calibration curves relating to ZnO NPs concentration in water (with absorbance value ~375 nm (due to the band-gap absorption for ZnO resulting from removed electrons from the valence band to the conduction band [33 (link),34 ,35 (link)]) were constructed, following a range of dilutions between 1:500 and 1:8000 that enabled reliable detection of the spectra’s region of interest. Results were plotted as absorbance vs. concentration (Figure S2). Then, absorbance scans of each sample (representative rectangles with 6 × 2 cm²) were collected between 190–1100 nm (resolution of 1 nm), with a UV-2600 UV-vis spectrophotometer by resorting to an integrating sphere (ISR-2600Plus) with a film holder for transmittance analysis (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). The quantity of ZnO NPs loaded onto each functionalized NWF was estimated in an indirect manner. For each spectrum, absorbance peak height (values between 360–390 nm) was registered. The estimation of detected ZnO NPs presence (wt%) in these samples was then calculated taking into consideration detected ZnO NPs concentration (µg/mL) by means of the predetermined calibration curve, along with sample volume crossed by the laser that resulted from the determination of laser cross-section in transmission and sample thickness.

For quantifying the loading amount of Au, Au NPs loaded on TiO₂ were dissolved by using aqua regia, and the concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. The samples for TEM and HR-TEM observation were prepared by dropping a suspension of the samples in ethanol onto a copper grid with a carbon support film (grid-pitch 150 μm, Okenshoji Co., Ltd, #10-1006). The measurements were performed by using a JEOL JEM-2100F at an applied voltage of 200 kV. The Au particle size (d_Au) was determined from the image analysis of ∼200 Au particles observed in TEM images. Diffuse reflectance UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra were measured by using a UV-2600 spectrometer (Shimadzu) with an integrating sphere unit (Shimadzu, ISR-2600Plus). BaSO₄ was used as a reference for the reflectance (R_∞). The Kubelka–Munk function [F(R_∞) = (1 − R_∞)²/2R_∞] was used for expressing the relative absorption coefficient. The measurement was carried out by using sample powder without dilution. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were collected by using a Kratos Axis Nova X-ray photoelectron spectrometer at 15 kV and 10 mA using Al Kα as the X-ray source. For the energy reference, the peak of C 1s (284.6 eV) was used.

Diffuse reflectance spectra were acquired on a Shimadzu (Kyoto, Japan) UV-Visible UV-2600 spectrophotometer equipped with an integrated sphere (ISR-2600 Plus). All diffuse reflectance spectra were corrected for background using a BaSO₄ standard in the regarded spectral range (200–1200 nm).

Steady-state absorbance and reflectance data were acquired using a UV-vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-2600) equipped with a two-detector integrating sphere module (Shimadzu ISR-2600Plus). Photoluminescence spectra were acquired using a modular spectrofluorometer (Horiba Fluorolog-3).

The optical properties of the AuNPs-HAp suspensions were analyzed based on absorption spectra measured on a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-3600i; Kyoto, Japan) with a double beam, in the range between 185 and 750 nm with a spectral resolution of 1 nm. For every dispersion, the adsorption was measured at least 3 times.
The optical properties of the textile samples were analyzed based on the total reflectance spectra measured on a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-2600i; Kyoto, Japan) coupled with an integration sphere (Shimadzu ISR-2600Plus; Kyoto, Japan) in the range between 220 and 1400 nm, with a spectral resolution of 5 nm. The color difference (ΔE) was determined by the Shimadzu Colour Analysis complementary software - LabSolutions UV-vis version 1.12, using as a reference the respective textile treated under the same conditions, but without the AuNPs-HAp. For every sample, the reflectance was measured at least 3 times, in different spots of the sample.