In total, 30 pyrrolizidine alkaloid standards were utilized in a high resolution accurate mass (HRAM) LC-MS/MS screen. Echimidine, erucifoline, europine, heliotrine, indicine, intermedine, jacobine, lasiocarpine lycopsamine, monocrotaline, retrorsine senecionine, seneciphylline, senecivernine, and their respective N-oxides, were purchased together with senkirkine and trichodesmine from Phytolab GmbH & Co. KG (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany) and had a purity >89%. All other chemicals and solvents were of analytical reagent or HPLC grade purity. Water used for sample preparation and HPLC was Milli-Q purified (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany).
Monocrotaline
Manufactured by Phytolab
Sourced in Germany
Monocrotaline is a compound commonly used in laboratory research. It functions as a potent toxin that can induce pulmonary hypertension in animal models. The core function of monocrotaline is to serve as a tool for scientific investigation and experimentation, without interpretation of its intended use.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Echimidine, by Phytolab (3 mentions)
Heliotrine, by Phytolab (3 mentions)
Erucifoline, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Indicine, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Jacobine, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Riddelliine, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Lasiocarpine, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Retrorsine, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Senecionine, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Milli q purified, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Europine, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Intermedine, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Senecivernine, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Senkirkine, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Seneciphylline, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Lycopsamine, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Senecionine n oxide, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Erucifoline n oxide, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Monocrotaline n oxide, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Glass fibre sio2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 protocols using monocrotaline
1
Comprehensive Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Standard Analysis
2
Pyrolizidine Alkaloid Characterization
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Lasiocarpine (purity ≥ 95.0%, HPLC), riddelliine (purity ≥ 90.0%, HPLC), lycopsamine (purity ≥ 95.0%, HPLC), echimide (purity ≥ 90.0%, HPLC), and monocrotaline (purity ≥ 95.0%, HPLC) were purchased from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany) (Fig. 1 ).
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Chemical structures of PAs used in this study: Lasiocarpine, riddelliinee, monocrotaline, lycopsamine, and echimidine
3
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Preparation and Handling
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The investigated PAs (indicine, heliotrine, lycopsamine, europine, echimidine, lasiocarpine, riddelliine, retrorsine, monocrotaline, senecionine, seneciphylline) were of highest purity and obtained from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Stock solutions of PAs were prepared in suitable solvents (50–150 mM) and stored at −20 °C. heliotrine, lycopsamine, echimidine, lasiocarpine, riddelliine, monocrotaline were dissolved in DMSO, whereas senecionine and seneciphylline were dissolved in a 1:1 mixture (v:v) of DMSO and acetonitrile. retrorsine was dissolved in ethanol. Stock solutions were diluted in cell culture medium to reach final concentrations in the cell experiments.
4
Quantitative Analysis of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
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Methanol (MeOH) (MS grade), acetonitrile (MeCN) (MS grade), formic acid (FA) (MS grade), ammonium formate (MS grade), acetone (HPLC grade), sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid (Analytical reagent grade) and caffeine (internal standard, for spiking experiments and method validation) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Glass fibre (SiO2, particle size 0.2–0.8 mm) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Certified reference materials of heliotrine, monocrotaline, monocrotaline N-oxide, senecionine, senecionine N-oxide, erucifoline, erucifoline-N-oxide, retrorsine, jacobine, jacobine N-oxide senkirkine, heliotrine N-oxide, echimidine, echimidine N-oxide, purchased from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany), also lindelofine, lindelofine N-oxide purchased from AKos Consulting & Solutions (Steinen, Germany). Oasis MCX 6 cc, 150 mg Sorbent, 30 μm particle size purchased from Waters (Milford, USA). MilliQ water (resistivity 18.2 Mohm × cm, TOC less than 1 μg L−1) was produced in-house with a type I ultrapure water purification system from ELGA-Veolia LabWater (High Wycombe, UK).
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