Dl 3 phenyllactic acid

AFB₁, OTA, p-coumaric, hydroxycinnamic acid, benzoic acid, DL-3-phenyllactic acid, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, and 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Phenyllactic acid (PLA) was provided from BaChem (Weil am Rhein, Germany). Protocatechuic acid was acquired from HWI Pharma Services (Ruelzheim, Germany). AFB₁ and OTA had a purity above 99%, while the rest of the analytes had a purity of 95%. Culture media potato dextrose broth (PDB), potato dextrose agar (PDA), plate count agar (PCA), nutrient broth (NB), and triptone soy broth (TSB) were achieved from Liofilchem Bacteriology Products (Teramo, Italy).
Ethyl acetate, methanol, acetonitrile (ACN), and formic acid (analytical grade, purity > 98%) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Hudson, NH, USA). C18, ammonium formate, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Deionized water used (<18 MΩ/cm resistivity) was produced with a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA).

AFB₁ and FB₁ standard solutions (purity > 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The phenolic compounds gallic acid, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, vanillic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxylcinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, benzoic acid, DL-3-phenyllactic acid, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic, and DL-p-hydroxyphenyllatic acid were provided from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Phenyllactic acid was obtained from BaChem (Weil am Rhein, Germany). Ferulic acid was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA, USA) and protocatechuic acid from HWI pharma services (Ruelzheim, Germany). Acetonitrile (ACN) (99%), methanol (99%), ethyl acetate (EA) (99%) and formic acid (FA) (99%) used for liquid chromatography were of HPLC-grade and obtained from VWR Chemicals (Radnor, PA, USA). Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), ammonium formate and sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sepra^TM C18-E (50 μm, 65 Å) was purchased from Phenomenex (Madrid, Spain). Microbiological media such as potato dextrose broth (PDB), potato dextrose agar (PDA), Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) broth and MRS Agar were obtained from Liofilchem Bacteriology Products (Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy). Deionized water (<18 MΩ cm resistivity) was obtained from a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).

Acetonitrile of HPLC grade, acetic acid and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide + 10% trimethylchlorosilane (BSTFA + 10% TMCS) were from Fischer Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, sucrose, glucose, fructose, citric acid, NaBH₄, N-methylimidazole, acetic anhydride, benzoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, phenylacetic acid, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, dl-3-phenyllactic acid, dl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid, 5-phenylvaleric acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid and toluene-α−thiol were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Quentin Fallavier, France). Phloretin, p-coumaric acid, quercetin and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside were obtained from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). Phloridzin was obtained from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Malic acid was obtained from R-Biopharm (Darmstadt, Germany). D3-Methanol was from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Acetonitrile was analytical grade and from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and hexane obtained from VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA).