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4 protocols using q500 apparatus

1

Thermal Analysis of Residual Water and Glass Transition

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The TA instruments, Q500 apparatus and Universal Analysis 2000 (version 4.4A) software, both manufactured by TA Instruments in Belgium, were used to evaluate the quantity of residual water through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The process involved placing around 10 milligrams of powder on a platinum cup and heating it at a rate of 10 °C/min over a temperature range of 30 to 200 °C. The weight loss between the powders at 30 °C and 120 °C was used to define the residual moisture content (RMC).
The evaluation of the glass transition temperature (Tg) was performed through the use of a DSC Q2000 instrument and Universal Analysis 2000 (version 4.4A) software (TA Instruments, Asse, Belgium). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was conducted while purging with nitrogen. To start the analysis, powder samples ranging from 2 to 4 milligrams were placed inside a Tzero hermetic aluminum pan, which was then sealed. Subsequently, the samples underwent a heating process with a heating rate of 10 degrees Celsius per minute, covering a temperature range of −50 to 150 °C.
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2

Comprehensive Material Characterization Protocol

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X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained at room temperature on a Bruker AXS D-8 diffractometer using Cu-Kα radiation in Bragg–Brentano geometry (θ–2θ). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of the samples in KBr pellets were measured on a Bruker Vector 22 spectrometer. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted in air using a TA Instruments Q500 apparatus, with a 10°C min−1 heating rate from 25 to 1000 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were recorded on an FEI Quanta 200 microscope after carbon metallization. TEM micrographs were obtained on a Tecnai G2 microscope at 120 kV. The gas adsorption/desorption data were collected using a Micromeritics 3Flex surface characterization analyzer using N2. Prior to N2 sorption, all samples were degassed overnight at 150 °C. The specific surface areas were determined from the nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms (at −196 °C), using the BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) method. Pore size distributions were calculated from the N2 adsorption isotherms with the ‘‘classic theory model’’ of Barrett, Joyner and Halenda (BJH). The catalytic tests were conducted in aqueous solution using a JENWAY-Model 6700 spectrophotometer. Elemental analyses were realized using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP AES; Ultima 2 – Jobin Yvon).
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3

Thermal Characterization of ENC Suspensions

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The thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses of the ENC suspensions were conducted with a Perkin-Elmer (Waltham, MA, USA) STA6000 simultaneous thermal analyzer by heating the sample (4.59 mg) in a slow stream of N2 (20 mL min−1) from room temperature up to 400 °C, at a heating rate of 20 °C min−1. The data analysis was performed using the Perkin Elmer Pyris v.11 software. Additional TG/DTG measurements up to 900 °C were carried out with a TA Instruments (New Castle, DE, USA) Q-500 apparatus, at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1, under N2 flow (20 mL min−1).
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of BCG-Loaded Hydrogel

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BCG, chitosan,
glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA), α-methacrylic
acid (MAA), cyclohexanol, dodecanol, and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)
were purchased from Macklin Reagent (Shanghai, China). Methanol, sodium
dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), sodium hydrogen
phosphate (Na2HPO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH),
hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, and acetone were obtained from Jiangsu
Qiangsheng Chemical Co., Ltd. (Changshu, China). The properties of
BCG are shown in Table 1. All other reagents were obtained from various commercial sources
and were of analytical or HPLC grade.
A CARY100 ultraviolet–visible
(UV–vis) spectrophotometer
(Agilent Technologies Inc.) was used for the spectrophotometric analysis.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were recorded on an S-3400N
analyzer (JEOL Company, Japan). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectra were performed using an IR200 FT-IR spectrometer (Thermo Corporation).
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out on a Q500 apparatus
(TA) from 30 to 800 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C min–1 under air atmosphere. A B11-2 magnetic stirrer (Shanghai
Sile Instrument Co. Ltd, China) was applied to mix the reaction solutions.
An H1650-W centrifuge (Hunan Xiangyi, China) was used for centrifuging.
A pHS-3E digital pH meter (Shanghai INESA Electron Co. Ltd., China)
was used for pH measurements of sample solutions.
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