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18 protocols using bright glo substrate

1

Quantifying Parasite Sequestration In Mice

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Mice were infected with a luciferase-expressing strain of P. chabaudi (PccASluc [45 (link)]) as described above but kept on a reverse light cycle, as sequestration occurs during the dark cycle [45 (link)]. At the time of maximum sequestration (12.00 – 14.00 h coordinated universal time (UCT), reverse light) mice were sacrificed and perfused systemically by injection of 10 ml PBS into the heart. Organs were harvested and 0.1 g of tissue was transferred to a Precellys homogenizer tube in PBS and dissociated for one cycle, 10 seconds at 4500 rpm in a Precellys Evolution Homogenizer. The sample was then diluted 1:10 in PBS, and an equal volume (100 μL) of Bright-Glo substrate (Promega) was added. Luciferase activity was measured after 2 min incubation using a Perkin Elmer VICTOR X Light Multilabel Plate Reader.
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2

BCMA-CAR T Cell Activation Assay

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The JNL reporter cell line was engineered from Jurkat E-6 cells and contains the firefly luciferase gene under the control of a minimal (m) CMV promoter and tandem repeats of the NFAT transcriptional response element. Cells were cultured in RPMI with 10% FBS and 0.5 μg/ml puromycin. JNL cells transduced with BCMA-targeting CAR constructs were evaluated for activation in response to BCMA-expressing target cell lines. On Day 3 following transduction, transduced JNL cells were incubated with target cells in duplicate at an effector-to-target (E:T) ratio of 6:1. JNL activation was measured using Bright-Glo substrate (Promega) on Day 4.
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3

Pseudotyped Particle Infectivity Assay

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For pseudotyped particles with a luciferase reporter, the target cells were seeded at 15,000 cells per well into a 96-well plate and infected with the supernatant containing pseudotyped particles, with a final concentration of 4 μg/mL of Polybrene. The plates were spin inoculated at 1,240 RCF for 30 min at 20°C. Approximately 72 h later, the cells were lysed by the addition of 100 μL of a 1:1 (vol/vol) mixture of phenol red-free DMEM and Bright-Glo substrate (Promega), and infectivity was determined as the relative luminescence units (RLU) per well using Glomax Navigator (Promega). For pseudotypes carrying a GFP reporter gene, target cells were seeded at 100,000 cells per well into a 24-well plate and transduced with the supernatant containing pseudotypes, with a final concentration of 4 μg/mL of Polybrene, and incubated at 37°C for 72 h. The cells were then detached from the plate with trypsin, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS, and analyzed on a FACSCanto II instrument for GFP expression.
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4

Octβ2R and OA1.0 transfection effects

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HTLA cells were cultured in 6-well plates; at ~70% cell density, the cells were transfected with either wild-type Octβ2R or OA1.0. Twenty-four hours after transfection, the cells were transferred to a 96-well white clear flat-bottom plate, and virous concentrations of OA (ranging from 1 nM to 100 μM) were added to the cells; each concentration was applied in triplicate. The cells were then incubated for ~16 hours, and the bioluminescent signal was measured. To measure the bioluminescent signal, the culture medium was removed, and 40 μl of Bright-Glo substrate (Promega) was added to the wells. The plate was then incubated at room temperature in the dark for 10 minutes, and the bioluminescent signal was measured using a Victor X5 microplate reader (PerkinElmer). Non-transfected cells were used as negative controls.
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5

Quantifying NF-κB Activity in hTLR2 Cells

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HEK293 cells overexpressing human TLR2 (293-hTLR2; In vivoGen, San Diego, CA, USA) were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium containing 10% FBS, 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution, and 10 μg/ml blasticidin (In vivoGen). The 293-hTLR2 cells (5 × 105 cells/ml) were transfected with NF-κB luciferase reporter construct (Clontech Laboratories, Mountain View, CA, USA) using Attractene transfection reagent (QIAGEN®, Venlo, Netherlands). After stimulating the transfected cells with either 1 × 107 and 1 × 108 CFU/ml of wild-type or ΔltaS HKSG for 20 h, the cell lysate was prepared with Passive Lysis Buffer (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). Then, Bright-Glo™ substrate (Promega) was added to the cell lysate to quantify the luciferase activity with GloMax® 96 Microplate Luminometer (Promega).
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6

Pseudovirus Infection Assay Protocol

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Target cells were seeded into white 96-well plates 24 h before infection (Caco2 and Vero.E6 cells seeded at 1.5 × 104 cells/well, and HeLa-TZMbl cells seeded at 1 × 104 cells/well). Cells were infected with increasing doses (2 to 15 mU RT/well) of PV supernatant (to confirm linear increase in infection at increased PV doses) and incubated at 37 °C for 48 h without changing the medium. Luciferase expression (RLU) was measured at 48 h postinfection using BrightGlo substrate (Promega) according to the manufacturer’s instruction on the Glomax luminometer (Promega). For inhibitor studies, cells were pretreated before infections for 2 h with Camostat mesylate (Apexbio, 0.2 to 100 μM) or E64d (Focus Biomolecules, 0.2 to 25 μM). To obtain infectivity (RLU/RT) values, RLU values were normalized to input supernatant RT activity (measured by SG-PERT assay, described above).
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7

Neutralizing Antibody Screening Assay for AAV2

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Whole blood was obtained in Vacutainer Serum Collection Tubes (Becton Dickinson) and serum was collected following centrifugation at 1500 rcf/g  for 10 min and stored at −80C until analysis. Neutralizing antibody screening assays were carried out as previously described53 (link). Briefly, assays were performed in 96 well format with 5 × 104 CHO-Lec2 cells per well. Serial dilutions of study participant serum were pre-incubated with 1 × 109 genome copies of AAV2 reporter virus for 1 hour at 37 °C and then added to cells that were infected with Adeno Helper virus. After 48 hours, Promega Bright-Glo substrate was added to the cells and luciferase expression was quantified using the Biotek Synergy Mx luminometer. Both positive and negative monkey sera controls were included with each assay. All animals selected for the study had less than 50% inhibition of transduction when serum was diluted to 1:20.
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8

Virus Neutralization Assay Protocol

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Antibody and inhibitor neutralisation assay was performed as described previously [40 (link)]. Briefly, virus supernatants were incubated with serial dilutions of soluble CD4 (CFAR NIBSC), AMD3100 (CFAR, NIBSC), PGT151 [41 (link)] (gift from Laura McCoy, UCL) or T-20 fusion inhibitor (CFAR, NIBSC) and incubated at 37 °C for 1 h. The mixture was added to TZM-bl cells, and luciferase activity measured 48 h later using Bright-Glo substrate (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). Neutralisation was calculated as percent decrease in luciferase activity compared to virus-only control. IC50 values were calculated by nonlinear regression analysis (sigmoid curve interpolation) using Prism software (GraphPad, San Diego, CA, USA).
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9

Luciferase Reporter Assay for AP-1 and SRE

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HeLa or A375 cells were seeded in 24-well plates (40 000 cells/well) and incubated for 18 h to achieve ~60–70% confluence. Cells were transfected with AP-1 [pAP1(PMA)-TA-Luc; Clontech] or the serum-response element (SRE; pGL4.33-SRE; Promega) luciferase reporter plasmids (250 ng/well) using Lipofectamine™ (Invitrogen). After 16 h, cells were pre-treated with 1–100 μM compounds as indicated for 20 min, followed by stimulation with 25 ng/ml EGF or 200 nM PMA for 4.5 h. In some experiments, cells were transfected with the pAP1(PMA)-TA-Luc promoter and a constitutively active MEK1 mutant cDNA were treated with various amounts of compounds during the last 4 h of incubation. The luciferase activity in the cell extracts was determined with a Dual Luciferase Assay System (Promega) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells (20 000 cells/well) were plated in white walled 96-well plates (Nunclon Delta Surface; Thermo Scientific) and then transfected with the luciferase reporter plasmids indicated above. Cells were treated with EGF or PMA for 5 h in the presence or absence of compounds (1–100 μM) and luminescence was measured using Bright-Glo Substrate (Promega). Luciferase activities were monitored with a Lumat LB 9507 luminometer (Berthold Technology) and data were normalized to the amount of protein in each sample.
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10

SARS-CoV-2 Pseudotyped Lentivirus Infection Assay

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Lentiviruses pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 spike were generated in HEK293T cells as described previously [28 (link),29 (link)]. Briefly, HEK293T cells were co-transfected with a SIV-based self-inactivating vector encoding luciferase (pGAE-LucW), the SIV-based packaging plasmid (pAdSIV3), and a WT spike-encoding plasmid. Pseudoviruses were harvested 72 h after transfection and used for the infection of 293T-DSP-mix cells transfected with an ACE2 expression construct or empty vector (mock control). At 48 hpi, cells were lysed through the addition of 100 µL Bright Glo lysis buffer (Promega) for 15 min at 37 °C. Three minutes later, after the addition of 25 µL Bright Glo substrate (Promega), the luciferase signals were measured using a microplate luminometer (VICTOR X5, PerkinElmer) and the PerkingElmer 2030 Manager software.
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