FLU was purchased from Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Etodolac, IDM, loxoprofen sodium, naproxen, piroxicam, LDC (for biochemistry), and ethanol (special grade) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). As the base for the skin permeability test, a gel base prepared by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC, ~15 mPa·S, 2% in H2O (25 °C), Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K., Tokyo, Japan) to 2 w/w% and white petrolatum (JP grade, Yoshida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) were used. A Franz-type diffusion cell (Osawa Shokai Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was used. Phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4) was prepared from one tablet of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (Sigma-Aldrich Japan, Tokyo, Japan) dissolved in 200 mL water. All other reagents used were commercially available special-grade products.
Piroxicam
Manufactured by Fujifilm
Sourced in Japan
Piroxicam is a laboratory equipment product designed for use in various research and analytical applications. It serves as a core component in various laboratory procedures, providing a reliable and consistent performance. The detailed technical specifications and intended applications of this product are not available at this time.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ketoprofen, by Fujifilm (3 mentions)
Naproxen, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Sulfanilamide, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Indomethacin, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Coumarin, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Lansoprazole, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Ethanol special grade, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose hpmc, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Etodolac, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Ionomycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Zymosan, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ferrostatin 1, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Deferoxamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Erastin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sulfasalazine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sulfamethoxazole, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Sulfisoxazole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sulfacetamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Z vad fmk, by Peptide Institute (1 mentions)
8 protocols using piroxicam
1
Skin Permeability of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
2
Reagents for Cell Death Assays
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Deferoxamine, ferrostatin-1, erastin, sulfacetamide, sulfasalazine (SSZ), zymosan, diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), sulfisoxazole, tBHP, and sulfasalazine were purchased from Sigma. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), sulfamethoxazole, sulfanilamide, sulfapyridine, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), sulfadimidine, sulfametoxydiazine, sulfisomidine, sulfanitran, sulfanilamide, and piroxicam were purchased from Wako. We purchased 1-O-hexadecyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ether-linked phosphatidylcholine) from Avanti polar lipids. Necrostatin-1 was purchased from FOCUS Biomolecules, and 2-mercaptoethanol was purchased from MP Biomedicals. z-VAD-fmk was purchased from Peptide institute. Trolox, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfadoxin, and sulfamethoxypyridazine were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry. Cl-amidine was purchased from Cayman chemicals. Ionomycin was purchased from Merck Millipore.
3
Hydrolysis of Ester Compounds
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Orlistat, cetilistat, and eslicarbazepine acetate were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Temocapril hydrochloride, ampiroxicam, and piroxicam were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical (Osaka, Japan). Temocaprilat, irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate, and SN-38 were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada). Acebutolol hydrochloride was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Eslicarbazepine was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). Human liver (n = 50, mixed gender) and intestinal (n = 5, mixed gender) microsomes and monkey liver microsomes (cynomolgus, n = 6, male) were purchased from Corning (Corning, NY). Dog liver (beagle, n = 8, male) and intestinal (beagle, n = 3, male) microsomes were purchased from Xenotech (Lenexa, KS). Recombinant human and monkey CES1, CES2, and AADAC expressed in baculovirus-infected Sf21 cells were previously prepared (Fukami et al., 2010; Watanabe et al., 2010; Honda et al., 2021) . All other reagents were of analytical grade or the highest quality available on the market.
4
Compound Screening for Biological Activity
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Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 49), p-nitrosodimethylaniline, imidazole, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), quinine HCl (1), 4-methyl-7-ethoxycoumarin (3), 7-methoxycoumarin (5), 8-methoxypsoralen (6), acridine (7), diclofenac Na (11), hexachlorophene (16), indomethacin (19), ketoprofen ( 21), methyl β-naphthyl ketone (22), piroxicam (29), promethazine HCl (31), sulfanilamide (34), tetracycline HCl (35), 1,3-butylene glycol (47), 2-propanol (48), ethanol (50), and glycerin (51) were obtained from Fujifilm-Wako Pure Chemical Industries. Sulisobenzone (2), bithionol (9), doxycycline HCl (12), enoxacin (13), furosemide ( 14), glibenclamide (15), hydrochlorothiazide (16), ibuprofen (18), isoniazid (20), mequitazine (24), nalidixic acid (25), octyl dimethyl PABA (26), ofloxacin ( 27), omadine Na (28), prochlorperazine maleate (30), pyridoxine HCl (32), sparfloxacin (33), lactic acid (52), and penicillin G (54) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan. Benzophenone (8), lauric acid (53), and propylene glycol (55) were obtained from Junsei Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan), and 6-methylcoumarin (4) was purchased from Nacalai Tesque. Chlorpromazine HCl (10) and methyl-N-methylanthranilate (23) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan).
5
Photochemical and Pharmaceutical Compounds
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8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anthracene, indomethacin, ketoprofen, naproxen, nifedipine, nimodipine, nitrendipine, promethazine, piroxicam, quinine, retinol, tamoxifen, pirfenidone, acetone, and sterilized 0.5 w/v% methyl cellulose (MC) solution were from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Acridin was from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Amlodipine and benzoyl peroxide were purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY, USA). Bufexamac, chlorpromazine, diclofenac, furosemide, gatifloxacin, and nalidixic acid were obtained from LKT Laboratories, Inc. (St Paul, MN, USA). Haloperidol was purchased from MP Biomedicals LLC (Santa Ana, CA, USA). Ibuprofen was from Polysciences Inc. (Warrington, PA, USA). Amiodarone, lomefloxacin, and sparfloxacin were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was from Dojindo Laboratories (Kumamoto, Japan).
6
Screening of BCS Class II APIs
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Materials Three highly water-insoluble BCS class II classified compounds, namely, nifedipine, which is a weak base (Daito pharmaceutical, Japan), Fenofibrate, a neutral compound (Moehs coprima, Spain), Indomethacin, which is an acid-base compound (Sogo pharmaceutical, Japan) were used as model API for screening studies. The physicochemical properties and morphology of the model APIs are indicated in Table 1 and Fig. 1, respectively. Other APIs were also used as model compound classified in BCS class II. Cilostazol was purchased from Daito Pharmaceutical (Japan). Phenytoin, bezafibrate, itraconazole, piroxicam, dipyridamole, and ketoprofen were purchased from Wako (Japan). The dispersing agents and wetting agents used in this study are listed in Tables 2,3, respectively. These tables were summarized from each vendor's technical catalogs. Dispersing agents and wetting agents were selected from common polymer and surfactant in the pharmaceutical industry. Other reagents for quality testing were purchased from Wako (Japan).
7
Chemical Compound Characterization Protocol
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BaP was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). CPA, coumarin, diclofenac sodium (diclofenac), piroxicam, lansoprazole, and chlorpheniramine maleate (chlorpheniramine) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K. (Tokyo, Japan). BaP, CPA, coumarin, piroxicam, and lansoprazole were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). Diclofenac and chlorpheniramine were dissolved in water for injection (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Tokushima, Japan) .
8
Chemical Compound Preparation Protocol
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Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine hydrochloride (PhIP) and caffeine were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Phenacetin, coumarin, cyclophosphamide monohydrate (CPA), diclofenac sodium, piroxicam, lansoprazole, and chlorpheniramine maleate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K. (Tokyo, Japan). BaP, coumarin, CPA, piroxicam, lansoprazole, and Phenacetin were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). PhIP, caffeine, diclofenac, and chlorpheniramine were dissolved in water for injection (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Tokushima, Japan).
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