Flies were collected for lifespan assays and allowed to age to 1 week of age. The wet weights of individual cold-anaesthetised female flies were assessed using a Mettler Toledo AT201 balance with a sensitivity of 0.01 mg.
At201
Manufactured by Mettler Toledo
Sourced in United States
The AT201 is an analytical balance from Mettler Toledo. It is designed to provide precise and accurate measurements of weight. The balance has a weighing capacity of up to 220 grams and a readability of 0.1 milligrams.
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Lab products found in correlation
10 protocols using at201
1
Fly Lifespan and Dry Weight
2
Measuring Tribolium castaneum Dietary Intake
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To examine dietary intake for T. castaneum adults, the TribUTE (Trib oliumU rges T o E at) assay was used, which measures the amount of gypsum in the excreta of beetles fed gypsum, a non-digestible and non-toxic compound [15 (link)]. Briefly, the artificial gypsum diet was comprised dry gypsum powder and water mixed in a ratio of 1.3:1 (w/w) and contained 200 mM sucrose, or mannitol solutions. The carbohydrate-free gypsum diets were not supplemented with any organic compounds, i.e. they consisted of water only. Tribolium castaneum adults were starved for 1week as no food was provided to facilitate their feeding behavior. A gypsum block (a cube with sides of approximately 5 mm) was provided to each beetle in a 24-well polystyrene microplate and the T. castaneum adults were kept at 25°C. The gypsum ingested by the adults was eventually excreted without digestion as a waste product that could be measured. The feces were then dissolved in 50 μL deionized water to remove carbohydrates, and the gypsum precipitate was dried thoroughly at 65°C for 24 h. The amount of gypsum eaten was measured using an analytical microbalance (AT201, Mettler-Toledo, OH, USA).
3
Nanoparticle Ink Contact Angle Measurement
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The contact angle measurement was done using a goniometer (VCA Optima and PDAST software, AST Products Inc.). The nanoparticle ink was first dispensed on an alumina substrate to form a 3-mm × 3-mm pad using the Aerosol Jet machine and dried at 80°C for 24 hours. The density of the nanoparticle ink coming out of the nozzle was determined by measuring its volume at a 1-μl accuracy (Hamilton, 81020 1710TTL) and by weighing it in a microbalance (AT201, Mettler-Toledo) at a 0.01-mg accuracy. The density of the droplets exiting the Aerosol Jet nozzle after atomization was determined to be about 6500 ± 500 kg/m3 for five readings. Further, a sample of concentrated ink with the same density was prepared from the original ink by providing slow solvent evaporation at 60°C and continuous stirring. The concentrated ink droplet was then dispensed onto the previously printed and dried pad, and the contact angle was immediately measured on 10 samples after dispense. The measured contact angle (θ) was 85°. We recognize that the waiting time between dispense and measurement can affect the contact angle as the evaporation proceeds, and this was not considered in the present analysis. The γSL was measured using the pendant method, along with real-time video analysis with 60 frames/s (VCA Optima and PDAST software, AST Products Inc.). The γSL was determined to be 7.8 ± 4.4 J/m2 for 12 readings.
4
Quantifying Carbon and Nitrogen Content
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Frozen subsamples were lyophilized (Lablyo, Frozen in Time Ltd) and subsequently ground to 250‐μm powder. Powder samples of ~2 mg (±0.01 mg, AT201; Mettler Toledo) were then sealed in 6 × 4‐mm tin capsules (OEA Laboratories Ltd) and combusted in an elemental analyser CHN analyser, EA1110; CE Instruments Ltd) to measure their carbon and nitrogen content (%). Acetanilide (C8H9NO; OEA Laboratories Ltd) was chosen as the analytical standard because of its high carbon (71.09%) and low nitrogen (10.36%) content.
5
Gypsum-Based Feeding Assay for Tribolium
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We developed a novel feeding system for T. castaneum adults using gypsum that contained a near-zero amount of organic compounds instead of artificial diets and wheat, termed the “TribUTE (Trib oliumU rges T o E at)” assay. The artificial gypsum diet was composed of dry powder and water mixed in a ratio of 1.3:1 (w/w) and contained 200 mM sugars or sugar alcohol solutions. The gypsum mixture was allowed to solidify at 65°C for 48 h. T. castaneum adults were kept in cages at 25°C and starved for one week. A gypsum block (a cube with sides of approximately 5 mm) was provided to each adult beetle in a 24-well polystyrene microplate. The microplate was covered with aluminum foil to prevent the build-up of static electricity. The beetles were kept for 48 h at 25°C with the gypsum block. The gypsum consumed by the T. castaneum adults was eventually excreted without digestion as a waste product that could be measured. The excreta of beetles fed the artificial gypsum diet were collected in 200 μL microtubes using a thin silicon wire under a stereomicroscope. The excreta were then dissolved in 50 μL deionized water to remove sugars or sugar alcohols, and the gypsum precipitate was dried thoroughly at 65°C for 24 h. This gypsum precipitate was weighed using a microbalance (AT201, Mettler-Toledo, OH).
6
Cardiomyocyte Cross-Sectional Area Measurement
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Hearts were removed from the chest cavity and weighed on a Mettler Toledo, AT201 analytical scale. The skeletal muscle of the lower hindlimbs was dissected out, and the length of the left tibia was measured. Heart sections, as described above, were stained with haematoxylin (Sigma‐Aldrich, H9627) and eosin (Sigma‐Aldrich, E4009), and was carried out by the Department of Pathology at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Sections were examined for sarcolemma staining labelled with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA, Invitrogen), according to manufacturer's instruction. Cardiomyocyte cross‐sectional area was measured using ImageJ Software.4 , 8
7
Thermal Analysis of FBP-HβCD Complexation
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Thermal analysis was performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to confirm the complexation between drug and HβCD (Mettler Toledo, DSC 1, STARe system). The formulations of FBP-HβCD and FBP-HβCD with gellan were prepared for freeze drying. The formulations were stored in a freezer at -20ºC for overnight. The frozen samples were then dried using a (Christ Alpha 2-4 L Dplus) freeze drier. The drying procedure was performed for 24 hours at -84.6ºC with the vacuum set at 0.001 mbar. DSC measurements were performed on all the samples (FBP, gellan, HβCD, physical mix and freeze dried samples) following the method described by Pralhad and Rajendrakumar (2004) (link) [21] (link). Briefly, samples were accurately weighed (Mettler AT201) and heated in crimp sealed aluminium pans at 10°C per min between 50 to 150°C. The nitrogen gas flow was 200 ml/min. Thermograms of FBP, HβCD, gellan, physical mix were compared with the freeze dried samples.
8
Porosity Calculation of Porous Networks
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The porosity φ describes the ratio of void to fibre volume in a porous structure and was calculated from the volume v N and the mass m N of a representative piece of network material. A section with surface area A was cut from the network samples using a scalpel. The thickness t N was measured using a profiler (Dektak 150, Veeco, USA) equipped with a tip of 2.5 µm height. The mass m N of the cut piece of the material was measured by a weighing scale (AT201, Mettler Toledo, USA). Finally, the fibre volume v F was obtained by dividing the fibre mass m F = m N with the mass density ρ = 1.25 g/cm 3 of PLLA [68] . With the network volume v N = At N the porosity is calculated as
9
Recycled Zirconia Green Body Fabrication
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The dry pressing method, which is a simple process to form green blanks [20] , was adopted in this study. Approximately 10.0 g of powder were weighed using an analytical balance (AT201, Mettler-Toledo, Switzerland) and poured into a custom-made rectangular stainless steel mold of dimensions 35.0 mm × 30.0 mm × 10.0 mm (Figure 1). The mold was compacted under a hydraulic press (Silfradent 660, Italy) using a force of 80 kN to achieve the final size of the recycled zirconia green body (35.0 mm × 30.0 mm × 3.0 mm). Finally, the recycled green body was dried in an oven for 24 h. A total of 21 green body blanks were produced and the dimensions of each pressed green body were recorded. Appropriate new zirconia discs with the same lot were also produced to use as control.
10
Organic Content Analysis of Lobster Larvae
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The organic content (carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, i.e., CHN levels) of larval Homarus gammarus at each intermolt stage was analyzed in one individual from each cone (N p 9 per treatment). Individuals were freeze-dried and weighed with a high-precision balance (AT201, Mettler-Toledo; d p 0.01 mg). If dry mass was !2.5 mg, the complete individual was placed in a tin cup (diameter p 2 mm, height p 5 mm) and crushed. If dry mass was 12.5 mg, the individual was ground into a uniform powder with a mortar and pestle, and a 2-mg subsample was removed and placed in a tin cup. Dried and powdered samples were analyzed with an elemental microanalyzer (EA1110 CHNS, Carlo Erba, Italy, modified by Elemental Analysis, Okehampton, UK).
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