Sinapic acid

Ethanol and sodium carbonate were purchased from Avantor Performance Materials Poland (Gliwice, Poland). Gallic, m-coumaric, o-coumaric, p-coumaric, caffeic, 5-O-caffeoylqunic, ferulic, isoferulic, vanillic, salicylic, 3-hydroxybenzoic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, syringic, rosmarinic acid, quercitrin, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, eriocitrin, taxifolin, 3-O-methylquercetin, isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, luteolin, kaempferol, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercetin, sakuranetin, aluminum chloride, and LC–MS grade acetonitrile were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, Mo, USA). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was supplied by Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Quercetin was purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Catechin, naringenin 7-O-glucoside, eriodictyol, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, naringenin 7-O-glucoside, luteolin 3,7-diglucoside, nicotiflorin, narcissoside, gentisic, sinapic acid, and myricetin were provided by ChromaDex (Irvine, CA, USA). Astragalin, apigenin, naringenin, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, and tiliroside were supplied by Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). LC–MS grade water was prepared using a Millipore Direct-Q3 purification system (Bedford, MA, USA).

Analytical grade hexane, ethanol, chloroform, and sodium hydroxide were supplied by Shanghai Guo Yao Medicine Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Methanol and acetonitrile (chromatographic grade) were purchased from Merck Chemical Co., Ltd (Darmstadt, Germany). High purity helium was supplied by Ming Hui Gas Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). All the standards (α, β, γ, δ‐tocopherols and α, β, γ, δ‐tocotrienols standards, β‐sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and brassicasterol, sinapic acid) were purchased from Chromadex Co., Ltd. (Irvine, CA, USA).Fatty acid methyl ester (C₈‐C₃₀) was derived from Sigma‐Aldrich Co. (Shanghai, China). N‐Butane (food grade, purity 99.99%) was purchased from Henan subcritical Biotechnology Manufacturing Co., Ltd (Hunan, China).