Gallic acid

Manufactured by Yuanye Bio-Technology

Sourced in China, United States

Gallic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound commonly used in various laboratory applications. It is a type of phenolic acid with the chemical formula C₆H₂(OH)₃COOH. Gallic acid serves as a standard reference compound in analytical procedures and is often used in the quantification of total phenolic content in samples.

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Lab products found in correlation

77 protocols using gallic acid

Profiling Tea Polyphenols and Amino Acids

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(‐)‐Catechin (C), (‐)‐epigallocatechin (EGC), (‐)‐gallocatechin (GC), (‐)‐epicatechin (EC), (‐)‐epicatechin gallate (ECG), (‐)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (‐)‐gallocatechin gallate (GCG), anhydrous glucose, caffeine (CAF), and gallic acid (GA) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Company (Shanghai, China). Alanine (ala), arginine (arg), aspartic acid (asp), cysteine (cys), glutamic acid (glu), glycine (gly), histidine (his), isoleucine (ile), leucine (leu), methionine (met), phenylalanine (phe), proline (pro), serine (ser), threonine (thr), tryptophan (trp), tyrosine (tyr), valine (val), theanine, the AccQ‐Fluor Reagent Kit, and AccQ‐Tag eluent were purchased from BDH Chemicals Ltd. (Poole, UK). Acetonitrile (chromatographically pure), sodium carbonate, methanol (chromatographically pure), concentrated sulfuric acid, anthrone, ferrous tartrate (analytically pure), disodium hydrogen phosphate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Pure water from China Resources C'estbon Beverage Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen, China) was used throughout the study.

Yu P., Huang H., Zhao X., Zhong N., Zheng H, & Gong Y. (2020). Distinct variation in taste quality of Congou black tea during a single spring season. Food Science & Nutrition, 8(4), 1848-1856.

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Quantitative Polyphenol Analysis

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Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin), quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-arabinoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside and gallic acid (GA) standards were obtained from Yuanye (Shanghai, China). 2,4,6-Tripyridyl-S-triazine (TPTZ), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS^·+) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH·) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were acquired from Alltech Scientific (Beijing, China). Ultrapure water was produced using a Milli-Q System from Millipore (Billerica, USA). All other regents were analytical grade and were obtained from Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China).

Su S., Wang L., Geng Y, & Wang J. (2024). Flavonol profiles of mature leaves allow discriminating Toona sinensis Roem from different north-south geographical origins across China with varied antioxidant activities. Heliyon, 10(5), e27040.

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Antioxidant Potential Assessment

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Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid (GA) and rutin were purchased from Yuanye Bio-Technology Co. (Shanghai, China). 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were purchased from TCI Development Co. (Shanghai, China). All other reagents were purchased from Xilong Scientific Co. (Guangzhou, China).

Zhou Y., Tang N., Huang L., Zhao Y., Tang X, & Wang K. (2018). Effects of Salt Stress on Plant Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, Glandular Trichome Density, and Volatile Exudates of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 252.

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Phytochemical Analysis of Polyphenols

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Gallic acid (GA) (lot number: C13O9C72105) and methyl gallate (MG) (lot number: AN1127SA14) were obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Pyrogallic acid (PA) (lot number: HA0820KA14) and catechin (lot number: P02A9F57645) were purchased from China National Institutes for Drug Control (Beijing, China). Epigallocatechin (EGC) (lot number: 1806125) was obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Protocatechnic aldehyde (lot number: YECQ20190819) was purchased from Nanjing Spring & Autumn Biotech Co. Ltd. (Jiangsu, China). Ethyl gallate (EG) (lot number: 191127) was offered from Nanjing Jin Yibai Biological Technology Co. Ltd. (Jiangsu, China), and ellagic acid (EA) (lot number: 817C024) was obtained from Sichuan Victory Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Sichuan, China). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) grade methanol (lot number: 20025141) and acetonitrile (lot number: 19105068) was purchased from E. Merck (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Formic acid with a purity of 99% and of LC-MS grade was obtained from Anaqua Chemical Supply (ACS, Houston, United States).

Gu W., Wang H., Su M., Wang Y., Xu F., Hu Q., Cai X., Song J., Tong H., Qian Y., Zhao H, & Chen J. (2022). Investigation of Tannins Transformation in Sanguisorbae Radix Over Carbonizing by Stir-Frying. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 9, 762224.

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Characterization of Red Raspberry Bioactives

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Red raspberries of the cultivar “Autumn Bless”, one abundant raspberry species in Northeast China, were obtained from a local farm (Harbin, China) in August 2020. The fruits with similar maturity were hand-picked from different trees and then snap-frozen. Frozen red raspberries (40 kg) were mixed, transported to the laboratory in ice box and stored at −80 °C until use. All the standards for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, including rutin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, raspberry ketone, epicatechin, catechinic acid, syringic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, luteolin, citric acid, L-malic acid, succinic acid, α-ketoglutarate, and so on (HPLC grade), were obtained from Shanghai YuanYe Biotechnology (Shanghai, China).

He H., Yan Y., Dong D., Bao Y., Luo T., Chen Q, & Wang J. (2021). Effect of Issatchenkia terricola WJL-G4 on Deacidification Characteristics and Antioxidant Activities of Red Raspberry Wine Processing. Journal of Fungi, 8(1), 17.

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Phytochemical Analysis of Cornus chinensis

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HPLC-grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased Fisher Scientific (Fairlawn, NJ, USA). Formic acid was purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Ultrapure water was purchased from Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China). Except for quercetin, gallic acid and kaempferol were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), the rest of the standard (myricitrin, quercitrin, myricetin, astragalin, methyl gallate, (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), ellagic acid, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and luteolin) were purchased from Chengdu Ruifensi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). The purity of all standards was more than 98%. Unless otherwise specified, all the other reagents used in the experiment were of analytical grade.
Nine batches of C. chinensis fruits were collected from different phytomorph (clustered and lush, clustered but sparse, solitary) and areas (Wuchang, Hanyang, and Hankou) in July 2019. Samples (Wuchang-clustered-lush, Wuchang-clustered-sparse, Wuchang-clustered-sparse, Hanyang-clustered-lush, Hanyang-solitary, Hanyang-solitary, Hankou-clustered-lush, Hankou-clustered-lush, and Hankou-clustered-lush) were labeled numbers 1–9 in succession. Then they were dried at 60 °C in an oven, crushed into powders, and finally stored at −20 °C until further use.

Hong Y., Liao X, & Chen Z. (2020). Determination of bioactive components in the fruits of Cercis chinensis Bunge by HPLC-MS/MS and quality evaluation by principal components and hierarchical cluster analyses. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 11(4), 465-471.

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Evaluation of Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition

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p-Nitrophenyl palmitate, p-nitrophenyl α-d-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), pancreatic lipase, orlistat, acarbose and 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) were all purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. α-Glucosidase, gallic acid, rutin, ginsenoside Re, vitamin C and anhydrous glucose were obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was purchased from Sangon Bioengineering (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. The total antioxidant (FRAP) kit was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biological Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China. The rest of the chemicals, reagents, consumables and culture media were purchased from National Pharmaceutical Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.

Yan X.T., Zhang W., Zhang Y., Zhang Z., Chen D., Wang W., Ma W., Qu H., Qian J.Y, & Gu R. (2022). In Vitro Anti-Obesity Effect of Shenheling Extract (SHLE) Fermented with Lactobacillus fermentum grx08. Foods, 11(9), 1221.

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Chromatographic Analysis of Phytochemicals

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Glucose, squalene, α-tocopherol, gallic acid, catechins, β-amyrin and β-sitosterol standards were obtained from Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Methyl acetate and oxalic acid were obtained from Aladdin Industrial Corporation (Shanghai, China). n-Hexane, acetonitrile, ammonium formate, formic acid and methanol (purchased from Honeywell International (Shanghai, China)) were of chromatographic reagent grade, and other solvents were of analytical reagent grade (Shanghai, China).

Zhong S., Huang B., Wei T., Deng Z., Li J, & Wen Q. (2023). Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality Characteristics of Four Oil-Tea Camellia Species with Red Flowers and Large Fruit. Foods, 12(2), 374.

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Comprehensive Chemical Analysis of Teas

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Chromatographically pure acetonitrile and acetic acid was purchased from Thermo Fisher (Waltham, MA, USA). Catechins (C), epicatechin (EC), gallocatechin (GC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin gallate (ECG), gallocatechin gallate (GCG), epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), procyanidin B1, procyanidin C1, kaempferitrin, rutin, isoquercetin, myricetin-3-O-galactoside, myricetin-3-O-rutinoside, galloylglucose, gallic acid, cinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid, shikimic acid, p-coumaric acid, quinic acid, pyrogallic acid, theogallin, strictinin, theanine, theobromine, ethyl gallate, tannic acid, caffeine, L-sodium glutamate, and D-glucose were purchased from Yuanye (Shanghai, China). Quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside were purchased from Shanghai Zzstandard (Shanghai, China). Amino acid mixture standard reagent, borate buffer solution, o-phthalaldehyde (OPA), and 9-fluorene methyl chloroformate (FMOC) were purchased from Agilent Technology (Santa Clara, CA, USA). n-Hexane was purchased from Thermo Fisher (Waltham, MA, USA). 2-Methyl-3-heptanone and n-alkanes (C₇–C₃₀) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Zou Y., Tang C., Yang X., Guo T, & Song H. (2023). Discovery and Flavor Characterization of High-Grade Markers in Baked Green Tea. Molecules, 28(6), 2462.

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Comprehensive Chemical Profiling of YGYSG

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The production of YGYSG was undertaken in The First Clinical Medical College at Anhui University of Chinese Medicine. A Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) was employed to acquire deionized water. For mass spectrometry analysis, formic acid of LC-MS grade was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile and methanol were LC-MS grade and obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Overall, 27 chemical standards, including chikusetsusaponin IVa, chikusetsusaponin IV, ginsenoside Ro, 25R-inokosterone, β-ecdysone, acacetin, cymaroside, quercetin, gallic acid, oleanolic acid, hyperoside, chlorogenic acid, astragalin, kaempferol, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone II_A, rosmarinic acid, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, salvianolic acid B, astragaloside IV, formononetin-7-O-β-D-glycoside, calycosin, formononetin, scopoletin, ferulic acid, rutin, and narcissoside, were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), and their purity levels exceeded 98% as determined through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Figure 2 displays the chemical configurations of each reference standard.

Yang F., Zhang K., Dai X, & Jiang W. (2024). Preliminary Exploration of Potential Active Ingredients and Molecular Mechanisms of Yanggan Yishui Granules for Treating Hypertensive Nephropathy Using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS Coupled with Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Strategy. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 2024, 7967999.

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