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65 protocols using m mlv rtase cdna synthesis kit

1

qRT-PCR Analysis of Salicornia aralocaspica Metabolism

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qRT-PCR was performed with target TDFs and some primary metabolite-related genes to investigate the expression pattern in seedlings of S. aralocaspica at different developmental stages or under NaCl treatment. Each reversely transcriptional reaction was performed with total RNA (1 μg) in a final volume of 20 μl using the M-MLV RTase cDNA Synthesis Kit (D6130l TaKaRa, Dalian, China). Gene-specific primers of target TDFs and primary metabolite-related genes were designed using the Primer-Blast tool (Supplementary Table 3), and the β-actin of S. aralocaspica was used as internal reference (Cao et al., 2016 (link)). The relative expression level of target genes was quantified according to the mathematical model R=2−ΔΔCT (Shi and Chiang, 2005 (link)), where ΔΔCT = ΔCTtarget sample − ΔCTcontrol sample, and ΔCTsample= CTtest gene − CTreference gene. The final value of the relative quantification was described as a fold change of gene expression in the test sample compared to the control. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of four biological replicates and two technical replicates (n = 8).
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2

Real-Time PCR Analysis of Rat Liver

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Real time PCR was performed as described previously [25 , 26 ]. Total RNA was isolated from the livers of individual rats using TRIzol (Takara, Dalian, China). cDNA was synthesized using M-MLV RTase cDNA Synthesis Kit (Takara, Dalian, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Real time PCR was performed with the CFX 96 Real Time PCR Detection System (Biorad Laboratories Inc, Hercules, CA, USA) using the SYBR® Premix Ex Taq™ II (Takara, Dalian, China). The sequences of primers are shown in Additional file 1: Table S1. The gene expression from each sample was analysed in duplicates and normalized against the internal control gene β-actin. Levels in water control rats were arbitrarily assigned a value of 1.
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3

Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis of Gene Expression

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Three biological replications with two technique replications of RNA were used for qPCR analysis. After being treated with RNase-free DNase, RNA samples were used as templates for reverse transcription with the M-MLV RTase cDNA Synthesis Kit (Takara, Dalian, China). Primers were designed using PRIMER3 software and listed in S1 Table. The expression of β-actin gene was used as a control. About 1 μl of the cDNAs of each sample were used for ordinary PCR to test whether the corresponding primers generated products. Real time PCR was carried out with the SYBR Green PCR Master Mix system (Takara) on an ABI 7500 Real-time PCR platform. The PCR amplification conditions were performed according to Zou et al [21 (link)]. The ΔΔCt Value for each gene was analyzed in Microsoft Excel and used to indicate the change in expression level between two samples.
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4

MicroRNA regulation of GREM1 expression

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LoVo cells were incubated with microRNA mimics (hsa-miR-185-3p) or microRNA negative control (Control miRNA) and harvested 24h after miRNA treatment. Total RNA was extracted from the cells using TRIzol Regent (Bio Basic Inc., Canada) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Reverse transcription was performed using MMLV RTase cDNA Synthesis Kit (TaKaRa, Japan). The level of GREM1 mRNA was measured by qRT-PCR using Power SYBR Green PCR master mixture (Applied Biosystems, USA), with GAPDH expression as the endogenous control. And the fold change was calculated by relative quantification (2−ΔΔCt).
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5

Quantitative Expression Analysis of Mst2 in P. microspora

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Total RNAs was extracted by TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen, CA) from P. microspora mycelia grown in 200 mL of PLB at 28 °C for 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 days with shaking at 180 rpm. The concentration of RNA samples was quantified by Biowave DNA (Biochrom, UK), and its quality was checked by agarose gel. First-strand cDNA was made with equal concentrations of total RNA using an M-MLV RTase cDNA Synthesis Kit (Takara, Dalian, China), following the manufacturer’s instructions, and then this cDNA was used in PCR amplifications with the primer pair Mst2-orf(F)/Mst2-orf(R). All transcripts were normalized with the transcript quantities of the actin gene (act1 in NK1727 (link)) as a reference. PCR amplifications were performed in triplicate.
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6

Quantification of EGFP Expression in Transformants

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To test the relatively expression ratio of the egfp gene, total RNA was extracted from T-DNA integrated transformants by means of RNaiso plus (Takara) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The first strand of cDNA was prepared with 5 μg of total RNA using the M-MLV RTase cDNA synthesis kit (Takara). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to test the relatively expression ratio of the egfp gene with the ABI ViiA7 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). β-tubulin gene was as the endogenous control and the qRT-PCR conditions were 95 °C for 1 min, followed by 40 cycles of 95 °C for 30 s, and 60 °C for 30 s. The primer sequences for egfp gene and β-tubulin gene are listed in Table 1. Each reaction was replicated three times to estimate error and the gene expression was normalized by the 2−ΔΔCt analysis.
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7

Quantitative Analysis of miRNA and mRNA

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Total RNA was isolated with Trizol (Sangon Biotech) following standard instruction. The miRNA cDNA library was established using SuperMixQuantiMir cDNA Kit (Transgen Biotec, Beijing, China) following reverse transcription of the RNAs using M-MLV RTase cDNA Synthesis Kit (TaKaRa, Dalian, China). SYBR Green PCR mix (TaKaRa) was used in qRT-PCR for quantification of miRNA and mRNA expression with U6 snRNA and 18S RNA as the internal controls, respectively. Relative quantification (2ΔΔCT) was used for results analysis. PCR primers are listed in Supplementary Table S2.
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8

Quantifying miRNA and Precursor Expression

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Total RNA (including miRNA) was extracted using the miRNeasy Mini kit (Qiagen). Residual genomic DNA was eliminated with RNase‐free DNase I (Promega). To analyze miR530 expression, miRNA first‐strand cDNA was synthesized with the miRcute miRNA First‐Strand cDNA Synthesis kit (Tiangen, Beijing, China). The expression of miR530 was then quantified by qRT‐PCR with the SYBR PrimeScript™ miRNA RT‐PCR kit (Tiangen) with 5.8S rRNA as the internal control. To analyze the expression of the OsmiR530 precursor, the target mimic and OsPL3, c. 2 μg total RNA for each sample was reverse‐transcribed with the M‐MLV RTase cDNA synthesis kit (TaKaRa, Dalian, China). The resulting cDNA was used as the template for a qRT‐PCR assay, which was completed with the SYBR Green PCR master mix (TaKaRa). The OsEF‐1α gene was used as the internal control. The qRT‐PCR analysis involved three biological replicates for each miRNA and gene. The relative expression ratios of OsmiR530, its precursor OsMIR530 and OsPL3 were calculated according to the delta‐delta threshold cycle relative quantification method. Details regarding the qRT‐PCR primers are provided in Table S1.
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9

Silkworm Tissue-Specific Gene Expression Analysis

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RNA was extracted from hemolymph, silk gland, head, fat bodies, midgut, Malpighian tubules and gonad of silkworms using the RNAiso kit (Takara, Dalian) and reverse transcribed into cDNA using the M-MLV RTase cDNA synthesis kit (TakaRa, Dalian).
PCR Primers for Actin-3 were designed as previously reported15 (link). RT-PCR primers specific for SerRS, TyrRS, AlaRS and GlyRS were designed based on the data from NM_001043987.1 and NM_001046828.1 of NCBI database (Table 1). The expression levels of SerRS, TyrRS, AlaRS and GlyRS in various tissues of control, phoxim treated and TiO2 NPs treated silkworms were investigated by PCR using cDNA as a template and Actin-3 as the internal control.
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10

Quantification of Gene Expression in Rat Kidneys

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Total RNA was isolated from kidneys of individual rats using TRIzol (Takara, Dalian, China). cDNA was synthesized using M-MLV RTase cDNA Synthesis Kit (Takara, Dalian, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Real-Time PCR was performed with the CFX 96 Real Time PCR Detection System (Biorad Laboratories Inc, Hercules, CA, USA) using the SYBR® Premix Ex Taq™ II (Takara, Dalian, China). The sequences of primers are shown in Table 1. The gene expression from each sample was analysed in duplicates and normalized against the internal control gene β-actin. Levels in water control rats were arbitrarily assigned a value of 1.
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