Accu chek aviva

Mice were fasted overnight and subjected to an OGTT by oral glucose administration (gavage with 2 g of D-glucose/kg BW). Blood samples were collected from the tail vein, and blood glucose levels were monitored using an Accu-Chek Aviva blood glucose meter with Accu-Chek Aviva test strips (Roche Diagnostics K.K., Tokyo, Japan) at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after glucose loading. The AUC was calculated using the trapezoid rule.

Glucose tolerance test was performed after an overnight fast at 14 weeks of age. Fasting glucose concentration was measured in whole blood obtained from the tail vein before the fasted mice were intraperitoneally injected with d-glucose (2 g/kg mouse body weight), and blood glucose concentration was measured using a glucometer (Aviva Accu-Chek, Roche Diagnostics Ltd., UK) at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min.

After 15 weeks on either the chow or HFD a glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed after an overnight fast. Fasting glucose concentrations were measured from whole blood obtained from the tail vein before the mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with D-glucose (2 g/kg body weight; Baxter Healthcare Ltd), and blood glucose concentrations were measured in samples from the tail vein at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min post i.p. injection using an Aviva Accu-Chek glucometer (Roche Diagnostics).
To test for insulin resistance, a separate cohort of mice was fasted overnight and fasting glucose concentration in whole blood obtained from the tail was measured before i.p. insulin injections (0.75 U/kg mouse body weight; Actrapid, Novo Nordisk). Blood glucose concentrations were then measured from the tail vein at 15 and 30 min after i.p. injection. Mice were immediately sacrificed after taking the second (30-minute) glucose reading and tissues were frozen immediately for analysis by Western blotting to measure downstream insulin signaling.
Measurements of plasma insulin, IL-5 and IL-10 were performed by ELISA at the Core Biochemical Assay Laboratory (CBAL) in Cambridge, UK.

All experiments were conducted according to the Canadian Council on Animal Care and with the approval of the York University Animal Care Committee (committee approval number: 2017-19 and 2107-20). Male homozygous leptin-resistant mice on a C57BL/6J background (B6.BKS(D)-Leprdb/J; referred to as db/db) and age-matched wild-type C57BL/6J mice (referred to as wt/wt) were purchased from The Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME, USA) and used for experiments at 13 weeks of age. Breeding of heterozygous db/wt mice, also purchased from Jackson Laboratories, generated additional male mice that were assessed at 4 weeks (2 wt/wt, 2 db/db and 9 db/wt mice). In these 4-week aged mice, blood glucose measurements were assessed by saphenous vein blood and measurement using a glucometer, ranging from 5.8 to 20.5 mM of glucose (Aviva Accu-Chek; Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA). For both age groups, gastrocnemius muscles were collected and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen until analysis, as previously reported in [56 (link)].

Age matched male Sprague-Dawley (Harlan Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN) and ZDSD/Pco (provided by PreClinOmics, Indianapolis, IN) rats were housed in a certified animal care facility and food (Purina 5008, Richmond, IN) and water were provided ad libitum. All institutional (approval ACURF no. 1202032) and NIH guidelines for use of animals were followed. At each stage of the studies all possible means were taken to avoid animal suffering and pain. At 16 weeks of age both Sprague-Dawley and ZDSD rats were placed on Purina diet 5SCA for 6 weeks (nutrient content for the Purina 5008 and 5SCA diets were protein 23.5 versus 10.5%, fat 6.5 versus 25.6%, fiber 6.0 versus 3.8%, and carbohydrates 49.4 versus 50.6%). During this time 9 of the 12 ZDSD rats spontaneously developed hyperglycemia with nonfasting blood glucoses ranging from 387 to 558 mg/dL. The Sprague-Dawley rats maintained normal blood glucose levels during this period. Blood glucose levels were determined using glucose-oxidase reagent strips (Aviva Accu-Chek, Roche, Mannheim, Germany). After 6 weeks on the Purina 5SCA diet all rats were returned to the Purina 5008 diet and studied 12 weeks later. The three ZDSD rats that did not become hyperglycemic were excluded from the study.