Dmem f12

MG63 and U2OS cells were purchased from the Chinese Academy of Sciences Cell Bank (Shanghai, China). Normal human osteoblast hFOB1.19 cell line was purchased from Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd (Wuhan, China). All tumor cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, Hyclone, South Logan, UT, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco, Rockford, MD, USA) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin at 37 °C in a 5% CO₂ incubator. The hFOB1.19 cells were grown in DMEM F12 nutrient mixture (DMEM/F12, Procell) supplemented with 0.3 mg/ml geneticin (G418), 10% FBS and 1% penicillin–streptomycin in a humidified incubator with 95% air and 5% CO2 at 34℃.Chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin and cisplatin) were obtained from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). doxorubicin-resistant MG63/DOX cells were established as described previously [18] (link). Briefly, the parental MG63 cell line was cultured in the medium with increasing doses of doxorubicin from 5 nM to 100 nM step by step. Once cells could be freely dividing in the medium containing 100 nM doxorubicin, they were considered doxorubicin-resistant.

A total of 10 female neonatal mice (weight, 19.58±1.34 g; age, 1–3 days) were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. and euthanized using CO₂ (displacement rate, 60% volume/min) followed by cervical dislocation according to AVMA guidelines (30 (link)). Cessation of breathing and movement were considered to indicate mortality. Then, the mice were sterilized with alcohol and the heart was removed. Then, 1 0.10% collagenase and 1 ml 0.08% trypsin were added into a 15 ml centrifuge tube. The chopped tissue was digested at 37°C for 10 min and centrifuged at 4°C (710.4 × g, 10 min). After that, the supernatant was discarded to remove endothelial cells. Then, 1 ml 0.1% II collagen proteinase was added to the 15 ml tube and digested for 10 min at 37°C. After centrifuging at 4°C (710.4 g, 10 min), the supernatant was transferred to a new 50 ml centrifuge tube and 1 ml DMEM/F12, supplemented with 10% FBS (both Procell), was added. This process was repeated 6–7 times. The cell suspension was centrifuged at 4°C and 200 × g for 5 min, then cells were collected and inoculated into a sterile 35-mm petri dish and cultured for 120 min (37°C, 5% CO₂). The non-adherent cells were inoculated into a new gelatin-coated petri dish (DMEM/F12 supplemented with 10% FBS) and cultured for 24 h (37°C, 5% CO₂) to obtain cardiomyocytes.

Neochlorogenic
acids were purchased from Selleck.
CD44-FITC, CD45-FITC, and CD90-FITC were purchased from Biolegend
(United States). CD34-FITC was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology
(United States). Aggrecan, Nrf2, HO-1, Nqo-1, Actin, and Cy3 antibodies
were purchased from Affinity Biosciences (China).
Annexin V-fluorescein
isothiocyanate (FITC)/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit was purchased from
KeyGEN BioTECH (China). Reactive oxygen species assay kit and Mitochondrial
Membrane Potential Assay Kit with JC-1 and FITC Phalloidin were purchased
from Solarbio (China). GelMA hydrogel was purchased from Suzhou Yongqinquan
Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd. Calcein-AM/PI Double Stain Kit was
purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (China). 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole
(DAPI) and Cell Counting KIT 8 was purchased from Biosharp (China).
DMEM/F12 and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Procell (China).
Osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis differentiation kits
were purchased from OriCell(United States). FreeZol reagent kit, Hiscript
II First Strand cDNA Synthesis kit, and SYBR qPCR Master Mix were
purchased from Vazyme Biotech (China).

Normal human breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) and human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, HCC1937, MCF-7, SK-BR-3 and BT474) were provided from Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd. The MCF-10A cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/F12 (Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) containing 5% horse serum (Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd.), 20 ng/ml EGF, 0.5 µg/ml hydrocortisone, 10 µg/ml insulin, 1% non-essential amino acids and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. The breast cancer cells were cultured in DMEM (Hyclone; Cytiva) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific; Inc.) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. All cells were cultured at 37˚C in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO₂.

The breast cancer cell lines (Hs578T and MDA-MB-231) human immortalized breast epithelial cell line (MCF10A) and 293T cells were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Hs578T MDA-MB-231 and 293T cells were cultured in DMEM (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) with 10% FBS (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) in a humidified atmosphere at 37°C in 5% CO². MCF10A cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 (Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) containing 5% horse serum, 20 ng/ml EGF, 0.5 µg/ml hydrocortisone, 10 µg/ml insulin and 1% NEAA (Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) in a humidified atmosphere at 37°C in 5% CO². Palbociclib (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) was dissolved in DMSO, following which the cells were treated with 500 nM palboci-clib for 72 h at 37°C. Palbociclib (500 nM) was used for the majority of the experiments as previously described (42 (link),43 (link)). An equivalent concentration of DMSO was used as negative control treatment in parallel with Palbociclib treatment.