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Ecolume scintillation cocktail

Manufactured by MP Biomedicals
Sourced in United States

Ecolume is a scintillation cocktail manufactured by MP Biomedicals. Scintillation cocktails are liquid solutions used in liquid scintillation counting to detect and quantify radioactive samples. The core function of Ecolume is to facilitate the detection of radioactive emissions.

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12 protocols using ecolume scintillation cocktail

1

PSMA Receptor Binding Assay

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Example 4

Competition Binding Assay

Methods

Cells (5×105) were incubated with free PSMA-cys/PSMA-1-NB and N—[N—[(S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl]carbamoyl]-S-[3H]-methyl-L-cysteine (3H-ZJ24; GE Healthcare Life Sciences) in a total volume of 200 mL of 50 mmol/L Tris (pH 7.5) for 1 hour at 37° C. The mixture was centrifuged at 3,000 g for 5 minutes at 4 deg C. to separate bound and free 3H-ZJ24. The supernatant was removed, and the cell pellet was washed 3 times with 500 mL of cold Tris buffer. Four milliliters of ECOLUME scintillation cocktail (MP Biomedicals) was added, and radioactivity was counted. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 3.0.

Results

Results show that the IC50 of PSMA-1-NB is lower (9.2 nM) than the ligand PSMA-1 (18.6 nM) (FIG. 4) in PSMA positive LNCaP cells.

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2

Characterization of Sulfotransferase Enzyme Assay

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Phenylephrine (chemical purity: 99.4%) and Ecolume scintillation cocktail were purchased from MP Biomedicals, LLC. (Irvine, CA, USA). Salbutamol (chemical purity: ≥98%) was from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP), N-2-hydroxylpiperazine-N’−2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), and dithiothreitol (DTT) were products of Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). 3’-Phosphoadenosine-5’-phospho[35S]sulfate (PAP[35S]) was prepared using ATP and free [35S]sulfate based on a previously established protocol [23 (link)]. Cellulose TLC plates were purchased from EMD Millipore Corporation (Burlington, MA, USA). PCR kit was from G Biosciences (St. Louis, MO, USA). Prime STAR® GXL DNA Polymerase was a product of Clontech Laboratories, Inc. (Mountain View, CA, USA). QIAprep® Spin Miniprep Kit was a product of QIAGEN (Germantown, MD, USA). Protein molecular weight markers were from Bioland Scientific LLC (Paramount, CA, USA). Glutathione Sepharose™ was purchased from GE Healthcare Life Sciences (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). X-Ray films were obtained from Research Products International Corporation (Mt Prospect, IL, USA). All other chemicals were of the highest grades commercially available.
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3

Hepatic and Intestinal Metabolism Study

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Benzyl alcohol (≥ 98% in purity), adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP), 3’-phosphoadenosine-5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS), N-2-hydroxylpiperazine-N’-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), Trizma base, dithiothreitol (DTT), minimum essential medium (MEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin G, and streptomycin sulfate were products of Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO). Ultrafree-MC 5000 NMWL filter units and cellulose thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates were from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA). HepG2 human hepatoma cells (ATCC HB-8065) and Caco-2 human colon adenocarcinoma cells (ATCC HTB-37) from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). Pooled human lung S9 fraction from a mixed-gender group of 4 donors (Lot No. 0710281), liver cytosol from 50 donors (Lot No. 09103970), small intestine (duodenum and jejunum) S9 fraction from 18 donors (Lot No. 0710351), and kidney S9 fraction from 8 donors (Lot No. 0510093) were obtained from XenoTech, LLC (Lenexa, KS). Ecolume scintillation cocktail and carrier-free sodium [35S]sulfate were from MP Biomedicals, LLC, (Irvine, CA, USA). All other chemicals were of the highest grade commercially available.
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4

Enzymatic Sulfation Assay Protocol

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Ritodrine was a product of Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, TX). Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS), N-2-hydroxylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Trizma base, dithiothreitol (DTT), and silica gel thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates were from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ultrafree-MC 5000 NMWL filter units were products of Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA). Carrier-free sodium [35S]sulfate was a product of Perkin-Elmer (Waltham, MA, USA). Ecolume scintillation cocktail was purchased from MP Biomedicals, LLC. (Irvine, CA, USA). Recombinant human bifunctional ATP sulfurylase/adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate kinase was prepared as previously described (Yanagisawa et al., 1998 (link)). EX Taq DNA polymerase was a product of Takara Bio (Mountain View, CA, USA). Protein molecular weight markers were from New England Biolabs, Inc. (Ipswich, MA, USA). Oligonucleotide primers were synthesized by MWG Biotech (Huntsville, AL, USA). X-ray films were purchased from BioExpress (Kaysville, UT, USA). All other chemicals were of the highest grade commercially available.
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5

Synthesis and Analysis of PAP[35S]

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E2 and 4OH-tamoxifen were products of Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Diethylstilbestrol, adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dithiothreitol (DTT), 3’-phosphoadenosine-5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS), isopropyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG), and N-2-hydroxylpiperazine-N’-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) were from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ecolume scintillation cocktail was obtained from MP Biomedicals (Solon, OH, USA). Carrier-free sodium [35S]sulfate was from American Radiolabeled Chemicals, Inc. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Recombinant human bifunctional ATP sulfulyase/adenosine 5’-phosphosulfate kinase was prepared as previously described [34 (link)], and used to synthesize PAP[35S] from ATP and [35S]sulfate based on an established procedure [34 (link)]. Cellulose thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates were products of Macherey-Nagel (Düren, Germany). Dpn I was purchased from New England BioLabs (Ipswich, MA, USA). PrimeStar Max DNA polymerase was a product of Takara Bio Inc. (Mountain View, CA, USA). All blue prestained protein markers were obtained from BioLand Scientific LLC. (Paramount, CA, USA). Oligonucleotide primers were synthesized by Eurofins Genomics (Louisville, KY, USA). All other reagents and chemicals used were of the highest grades commercially available.
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6

In Vitro Sulfation Assay for Xenobiotics

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6-OH-Mel, NAS and 4-OH-Ram were products of Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP), 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS), 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (MES), N-2-hydroxylpiperazine-N’-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), 3-N-tris-hydroxymethyl methylamino-propanesulfonic acid (TAPS), 2-cyclohexylamino ethanesulfonic acid (CHES), 3-cyclohexylamino-1-propanesulfonic acid (CAPS), Trizma base, dithiothreitol (DTT), minimum essential medium (MEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin G, streptomycin sulfate, and silica gel thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates were from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). Carrier-free sodium [35S]sulfate was from American Radiolabeled Chemicals, Inc. (St. Louis, MO, USA); and Ecolume scintillation cocktail was from MP Biomedicals (Irvine, CA, USA). Ultra free-MC 5000 NMWL filter units were products of Millipore Corporation (Bedford, MA, USA). HepG2 human hepatoma cells (ATCC HB-8065) and Caco-2 human colon adenocarcinoma cells (ATCC HTB-37) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). Pooled human lung, liver, small intestine, and kidney cytosols were purchased from XenoTech, LLC (Lenexa, KS, USA). All other chemicals used were of the highest grade commercially available.
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7

Enzymatic Sulfate Activation Assay

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Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), tibolone, dithiothreitol (DTT), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid (MOPS), and isopropyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG) were products of Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO USA). Carrier-free sodium [35S]sulfate was a product of Perkin-Elmer (Waltham, MA USA). Ecolume scintillation cocktail was purchased from MP Biomedical (Solon, OH USA). Cellulose thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates were from EMD chemicals (Gibbstown, NJ USA). Recombinant human bifunctional ATP sulfurylase/adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate kinase was prepared as previously described [21 (link)]. EX Taq DNA polymerase was a product of Takara Bio (Mountain View, CA USA). Protein molecular weight markers were from New England Biolabs, Inc. (Ipswich, MA USA). Oligonucleotide primers were synthesized by MWG Biotech (Louisville, KY USA). All other reagents were of the highest grades commercially available.
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8

Enzymatic Sulfation: Protocols and Reagents

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Acetaminophen (≥ 99% in purity), 4-nitrophenol (4NP) (≥ 99% in purity), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), N-2-hydroxylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), and dithiothreitol (DTT) were products of Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tapentadol (≥ 98% in purity) was purchased from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). O-DMN (≥ 98% in purity) was a product of Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada). Carrier-free sodium [35S] sulfate was from American Radiolabeled Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, USA). Recombinant human bifunctional PAPS synthase was prepared as described previously [27 (link)]. Polygram® Cellulose 300 thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates were from Macherey-Nagel GmbH and Co. KG (Düren, Germany). PrimeSTAR® Max DNA polymerase was a product of Takara Bio (Mountain View, CA, USA). Protein molecular weight markers were from Bioland Scientific LLC (Paramount, CA, USA). Ecolume scintillation cocktail was purchased from MP Biomedicals, LLC (Irvine, CA, USA). X-Ray films were products of FUJIFILM Corporation (Tokyo, Japan). Oligonucleotide primers were custom synthesized by Eurofins Genomics (Louisville, KY, USA). QIAprep® Spin Miniprep Kit was a product of QIAGEN (Düren, Germany). All other chemicals were of the highest standards commercially available.
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9

Quantifying Astrocytic Glutamate Uptake

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Serum-starved primary astrocytes (∼105 cells per sample) were incubated with 2 μM L-sodium glutamate (Sigma) and 20 nM 3H-Glutamic acid. Cells were immediately stimulated with agonist or treated with vehicle for 1 h at 37°C. The cell supernatant was then aspirated, the primary astrocytes were washed thoroughly with cold HBSS containing Ca2+/Mg2+ ions, and then incubated with 0.25 mL of 0.2 N NaOH for 2 h at room temperature. EcoLume scintillation cocktail (MP Biomedicals) was added to the samples and radioactivity [counts per minute (cpm)] was measured with a scintillation counter (Beckman). The percentage (%) of glutamate uptake by astrocytes was calculated as the (cpm in the test sample × 100) / (cpm in the vehicle sample).
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10

Molecular Cloning and Protein Purification

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Strains, plasmids, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers used
in this study are summarized in Tables S1–S3, respectively,
of the Supporting Information. Escherichia coli XL1 Blue MR was used for common subcloning
and plasmid preparation.33 E. coli BL21(DE3) was used for protein overproduction. Oligonucleotide primer
synthesis and DNA sequencing were performed by the University of Wisconsin—Madison
Biotechnology Center. The Expand High Fidelity PCR System (Roche)
was used for PCR amplification. Commerical kits (Promega) were used
for gel extraction and plasmid preparation. All restriction endonucleases
and T4 DNA ligase were purchased from NEB and reactions conducted
according to the manufacturer’s protocols. Cu(II)-ZBM and metal-free
TLM A were isolated from S. flavoviridis SB9001 and Sa. hindustanus E465-94 ATCC31154, respectively, as previously
reported.16 (link),30 (link) Cu(II)-BLM B2 (Nippon Kayaku, Tokyo, Japan),
Cu(II)-PLM D1 (Cayla, Toulouse, France), metal-free BLM B2 (VWR International),
[acetyl-1-14C]acetyl-CoA (Moravek Biochemicals),
and EcoLume scintillation cocktail (MP Biomedicals) were purchased
from commercial sources. Other common biochemicals and chemicals were
purchased from standard commercial sources and used directly.
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