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The Na+/K+-ATPase is a vital membrane-bound enzyme that plays a crucial role in maintaining the electrochemical gradient across cell membranes. It is responsible for actively transporting sodium (Na+) out of the cell and potassium (K+) into the cell, using the energy released from the hydrolysis of ATP. This process is essential for regulating cellular osmotic balance, supporting nerve impulse transmission, and facilitating the uptake of nutrients and other essential molecules.

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4 protocols using na k atpase

1

Antibody Validation Protocol for Western Blot and Immunofluorescence

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The following primary antibodies were used for immunofluorescence or Western blot.
Immunofluorescence: mTOR (Cell Signaling Technology, rabbit, 1:50), LC3 (Nanotools, mouse, 1:50), LAMP2 (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank at the University of Iowa, rat, GL2A7, 1:25), vimentin (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank at the University of Iowa, mouse, 1:50), CG1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, rabbit, 1:50), LTA (Vector Laboratories), Ki-67 (Vector Laboratories, rabbit, 1:50), and pH3 (Cell Signaling Technology, mouse, 1:50).
Western blot: CTGF-specific antibody (GeneTex, 1:1000), rabbit antibody to CG1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:500), mouse antibody to LC3 (Nanotools, 1:500), rabbit antibody to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (Cell Signaling, 1:1000), rabbit antibody to Raptor (Cell Signaling, 1:500), rabbit antibody to TGF-β (Cell Signaling, 1:500), Na+/K+-ATPase (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank at the University of Iowa, mouse, 1:50), and rabbit antibody to β-actin (Sigma, 1:5000).
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2

Brain Immunofluorescence and Immunoblotting

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Analytical grade chemicals were purchased, if not stated otherwise, from Sigma-Aldrich (MO., USA). The following antibodies were used for immunofluorescence on brain sections: CD68 (1:500; rat monoclonal; clone FA-11 (MCA1957, AbD Serotec)), LAMP1 (1:500; rat monoclonal; clone 1D4B, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA)), and Iba1 (1:500, rabbit polyclonal; GTX100042, Genetex). Fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies against the corresponding primary antibody species (AlexaFluor 488, AlexaFluor 594, and AlexaFluor 647) were purchased from Invitrogen/Molecular Probes and were diluted 1:500. HRP-coupled secondary antibodies were purchased from Dianova. The following primary antibodies were used for immunoblotting: TMEM106B (1:1000, rabbit monoclonal;E7H7Z, Cell Signaling Technology), and Na+/K+-ATPase (1:250, mouse monoclonal; clone a5, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA).
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3

Immunolabeling of Mitochondrial and Cellular Markers

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Antibodies directed against cytochrome c oxidase IV (COX IV; catalog number ab14744, RRID:AB_301443; Abcam) (catalog number 4850, RRID:AB_2085424; Cell Signaling Technology), VDAC (catalog number 4661, RRID:AB_10557420; Cell Signaling Technology), Na+K+ATPase (catalog number a5, RRID:AB_2166869; Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank), GRP94 (catalog number sc-393402; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), GRP78 (catalog number sc-166490, RRID:AB_2264290; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), laminin (catalog number AB19012, RRID:AB_2133893; Millipore), collagen type IV (catalog number AB769, RRID:AB_92262; Millipore), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1; catalog number AF1817, RRID:AB_2116446; R&D Systems) were used as primary antibodies. Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-rabbit antibody (catalog number 711-545-152, RRID:AB_2313584; Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs), Cy3-Donkey anti-rabbit IgG antibody (catalog number 711-165-152, RRID:AB_2307443; Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs), Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-mouse antibody (catalog number 715-546-151, RRID:AB_2340850; Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs), Cy3-donkey anti-mouse antibody (catalog number 705-165-147, RRID:AB_2307351; Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs), and Cy5-Donkey anti-mouse IgG antibody (catalog number 715-175-150, RRID:AB_2340819; Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs) were used as secondary antibodies.
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4

Quantifying Membrane Protein Expression

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Cells were incubated in vehicle or 1 mM chloroquine (CQ) for 4 hr. Cells were solubilized in RIPA, sonicated, and centrifuged. Supernatants were denatured in sample buffer, run on SDS-PAGE gel, and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) (Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were immunoblotted for DAT (1:1000) (MAB369; Millipore), β-actin (1:5000) (A5441; Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO), and Na-K ATPase (1:100; Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (DSHB), Iowa City, Iowa). The secondary antibodies used were Li-COR goat anti-rat IRDye 800 (1:15,000), goat anti-rabbit IRDye 680 (1:15,000) and goat anti-mouse IRDye 680 (1:15,000). Band densities were quantified using Image Studio Odyssey Infrared Imaging System (LI-COR, Lincoln, Nebraska).
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