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10 protocols using tnf α elisa kit

1

Measuring Inflammasome Activation in Cells

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; E. coli O111:B4, L3024), ATP and nigericin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Cytokines were measured using murine IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α ELISA kits purchased from MultiSciences Biotech (Lianke Bio, Hangzhou, China). Cell death was determined with an LDH assay performed using a CytoTox 96 Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay kit (Promega, USA). The FUIGW-Flag-mgsdmd plasmid was kindly provided by Shao Feng (National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China).
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2

Asiatic Acid Modulates Inflammatory Responses

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Asiatic acid (CAS: 464-92-6) was purchased from Feiyu Biotechnology Co., LTD (Nantong, China). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, from Escherichia coli 0111:B4) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Methanol was purchased from Sinopharm (Shanghai, China). IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α ELISA kits were obtained from Multisciences (Hangzhou, China). MPO kits were purchased from Elabscience (Wuhan, China). PrimeScript RT kit and SYBR Premix Ex Taq kit were purchased from YEASEN (Nanjing, China). Primers for PCR analysis were purchased from BGI (Beijing, China), with sequences shown in Table S2. γ-CD (CAS: 17465-86-0) and HPCD (CAS: 128446-35-5) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China).
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3

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Anemoside B4 in Colitis

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TNBS (Cat #: P2297) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich, Germany (L6529-1MG). Mesalazine (89-57-6) was purchased from Ethypharm Pharmaceutical Co Ltd (Shanghai, China). Human recombinant S100A9 protein was purchased from Abcam (AB95909). Rat IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α ELISA kits were supplied by MultiSciences (Hangzhou, China). PCR primers for quantitative real-time PCR analysis were synthesized by GeneWiz (Suzhou, China). The primary antibodies for p38 (8960, 1:2000 for Western blotting), p-p38 (4511, 1:1000), JNK (9252, 1:1000), p-JNK (9255, 1:2000), ERK1/2 (4695, 1:2000), p-ERK1/2 (4370, 1:1000), NF-κB/p65 (8242, 1:2000), p-NF-κB/p65 (3033, 1:1000), Bcl-2 (3498, 1:1000), cleaved-caspase 3 (9664, 1:1000), and S100A9 (73,425, 1:1000) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, USA), and Bax (sc-20,067, 1:2000), p53 (sc-126, 1:1000), IL-6 (sc-57,315, 1:1000), TLR4 (sc-293,072, 1:1000), NOD2 (sc-56,168, 1:1000), and GAPDH (sc-365,062, 1:2000) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Co. Ltd (Santa Cruz, USA). Anemoside B4 (20 g, purity more than 99%) was isolated from the roots of P. chinensis and its structure was determined as previous described [11 (link)].
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4

Inflammation Modulation with Anemoside B4

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TNBS and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich, Germany (Cat. no. P2297 and L6529-1MG). Mesalazine (Cat. no. 89-57-6) was purchased from Ethypharm Pharmaceutical Co Ltd (Shanghai, China). Hunan recombinant S100A9 protein was purchased from Abcam (Cat. no. ab95909).
Rat IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α ELISA kits were supplied by MultiSciences (Hangzhou, China). PCR primers (Supplementary Table S1) for quantitative real-time PCR analysis were synthesized by GENEWIZ (Suzhou, China). The primary antibodies for p38 (Cat. no. 8960) (1:2000) Caco-2 cell (PN 5) lines were purchased from Shanghai Cell Bank of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China), and routinely maintained in DMEM (Gibco, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, USA), 100 µg/ml streptomycin and 100 U/ml penicillin (Gibco, USA). Anemoside B4 (20 g, purity more than 99%) was isolated from the roots of P. chinensis and its structure was determined as previous described [26] .
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5

Anemoside B4 Alleviates Inflammation

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Chemicals and reagents TNBS (Cat #: P2297) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich, Germany (L6529-1MG). Mesalazine (89-57-6) was purchased from Ethypharm Pharmaceutical Co Ltd (Shanghai, China).
Human recombinant S100A9 protein was purchased from Abcam (AB95909). Rat IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α ELISA kits were supplied by MultiSciences (Hangzhou, China). PCR primers for quantitative real-time PCR analysis were synthesized by GeneWiz (Suzhou, China). The primary antibodies for p38 (8960, 1:2000 for Western blotting), p-p38 (4511, 1:1000), JNK (9252, 1:1000), p-JNK (9255, 1:2000), ERK1/2 (4695, 1:2000), p-ERK1/2 (4370, 1:1000), NF-κB/p65 (8242, 1:2000), p-NF-κB/p65 (3033, 1:1000), Bcl-2 (3498, 1:1000), cleaved-caspase 3 (9664, 1:1000), and S100A9 (73425, 1:1000) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, USA), and Bax (sc-20067, 1:2000), p53 (sc-126, 1:1000), IL-6 (sc-57315, 1:1000), TLR4 (sc-293072, 1:1000), NOD2 (sc-56168, 1:1000), and GAPDH (sc-365062, 1:2000) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Co. Ltd (Santa Cruz, USA). Anemoside B4 (20 g, purity more than 99 %) was isolated from the roots of P. chinensis and its structure was determined as previous described [11] .
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6

Comprehensive Hepatobiliary Analysis Protocol

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Bile, liver homogenate, and liver cell supernatant were prepared for biochemical analysis. BA, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, and unconjugated bilirubin levels were measured using a microplate reader (Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., CA, USA) and commercial biochemical kits, according to the manufacturer's protocol. Phospholipid content was assayed using a phospholipid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Jianglai Chem, Shanghai, China). Liver cell supernatant TNF-α content was determined using the TNF-α ELISA kit (Multi Sciences, Zhejiang, China). All biochemical measures in this study were repeated three times. The common bile duct was surgically removed to check for gallstones, defined as microscopically (original magnification ×40) visible stones, and the composition of these stones was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Thermo Scientific, Nicolet iN10, MA, USA).
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7

Regulation of TNF-α Secretion by miR-330-3p

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Transfect miR-330-3p mimics or inhibitor with different concentrations separately into human synoviocytes from the control patients. Collect the cell supernatant at different time points (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 48 h). The secretion of the TNF-α protein was subsequently detected as described in the TNF-α ELISA Kit (Multiscience, Hangzhou, China) with the sensitivity of 0.16 pg/ml. A standard curve ranging from 1.56 to 100 pg/ml was generated using known concentrations of the respective purified recombinant TNF-α. Three parallel duplicates were analyzed at each time point.
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8

Quantifying Inflammatory Cytokines in Mice

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To measure the circulating TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels in vivo, blood was removed from the eyes. The samples were stored frozen before sample testing. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the murine serum samples were analyzed using TNF-α ELISA kit (70-EK282HS-96; MULTI SCIENCES), IL-6 ELISA kit (70-EK206HS-96; MULTI SCIENCES), and IL-1β ELISA kit (EK201B/3-96; MULTI SCIENCES) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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9

Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis Study

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All drugs, kits, and antibodies used in this study were purchased as listed: mangiferin, Solarbio, China, IM0030; CCK-8 kit, Solarbio, CA1210; IL-1β ELISA kit, Multisciences, China, EK201B; IL-6 ELISA kit, Multisciences, EK2153; TNFα ELISA kit, Multisciences, EK282; Annexin V-FITC/PI kit, BioSharp, China, BL110A; anti-LC3, Proteintech, China, 14600-1-AP; anti-Aβ42, Bioss, USA, BS0107R; Anti-p-Tau, Affinity, USA, AF3148; Anti-APJ, Affinity, DF13350; Anti-VEGF, Affinity, AF5131; Anti-S100β, Affinity, DF6116; Anti-NSE, Affinity, AF5473.
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10

Molecular Pathways Analysis via ELISA and Immunoblotting

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H&E staining solution was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute. The Rat IL-17 ELISA Kit, TNF-α ELISA Kit, IL-6 ELISA Kit, and IL-1β ELISA kit were purchased from MultiSciences (Lianke) Biotech Co. Ltd. (Hangzhou, China). The IκBα (44D4) Rabbit mAb, NF-κB p65 (D14E12) Rabbit mAb, and Phospho-IKKα/β (ser176/180) (16A6) Rabbit mAb were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (USA). The 5% TNBS solution was purchased from Sigma Co. (USA). Reference compounds including Campanulin, Isoflavone, Anthocyanins, Miscanthus, ferulic acid, astragaloside A, quercetin, coniferyl ferulate, Senkyunolide I, Senkyunolide A, z-ligustilide were purchased from Chengdu Pusi Biological Polytron Technologies Inc. (Chengdu, China). The purity of all the reference compounds was identified after being purchases.
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