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Dna primers

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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DNA primers are short, synthetic DNA sequences that serve as starting points for DNA synthesis. They are used in various molecular biology techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to amplify specific DNA sequences.

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5 protocols using dna primers

1

Tracking γδ T Cell Responses

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RPMI-1640, FBS, non-essential amino acids, pyruvate, penicillin streptomycin, HEPES, 2-ME, HMBPP and FITC-γδ TCR antibody (clone 5A6.E91) were obtained through Fisher Scientific. IL-2 and the MACS γδ T cell negative selection kit were obtained through Miltenyi. PE-CD3 (UCHT1), APC-TNFα (MAb11), PE-IFNγ (4S.B3), FITC-IL-2 (MQ1-17H12), APC-CD45RA (HI-100), PerCP-eFluor710-CD27 (LG.7F9), FITC-Annexin V and PerCP-eFluor710-Annexin V were from eBioscience. K562 cells were from ATCC while Research Blood Components (Boston, MA) supplied blood. DiD, calcein AM, pcDNA3.1 and DNA primers were obtained through Life Technologies, while CRISPR/Cas9 repair templates were obtained through IDT. Restriction enzymes including XhoI, EcoRV and NheI were obtained through New England Biolabs. PE-BTN3A1 (CD277) antibody (BT3.1), FITC-CD183 (G025H7), functional grade anti-human TCR γ/δ Antibody (B1), and human IFNγ ELISA MAX deluxe kit were obtained from Biolegend while G418, PP2 and phytohaemagglutinin P were obtained from Sigma. Anti-myc (9E10) antibody was purified from hybridoma cells obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank at The University of Iowa. POM2-C-HMBP was a kind gift of Dr. David Wiemer at the University of Iowa.
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2

Fluorescent RNA Sequencing Protocol

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Thirteen 21–24 nt long DNA primers (Life Technologies) were used for primer reverse transcription reactions (Supplementary Table S1 and Supplementary Figure S1B). Modified RNAs were denatured for 3 min at 95°C then cooled down on ice for 3 min. Reverse transcription reactions were performed according to Aktar et al., with some modifications (33 ). Briefly, retrotranscription were done with 0.9 pmol of 5′ fluorophore labeled primer (6-FAM for the treated sample and VIC® for negative control), 484 μM dNTP, 1x RTB (Life Science), 2 U AMV RT enzyme (Life Science), 2 min at 42°C, 30 min at 50°C and 10 min at 60°C. In parallel, two sequencing reactions were done with 1 pmol of non-treated RNAs (per reaction), using ddATP and NED® labeled primer, or ddGTP and positron emission tomography labeled primer. ddNTP were at 5.56 μM and dNTP at 42 μM. All four reverse transcription reactions were pooled, then cDNAs were purified by phenol/chloroform extraction, ethanol precipitated and finally dissolved in 10 μl deionized formamide.
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3

miRNA Oligonucleotide Synthesis and Characterization

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Sequences of the miRNA oligonucleotides were obtained from the miRBase Release 21 (www.mirbase.org) (46 (link)). Sequences of primers and targets are listed in supplementary file. Secondary structure of the Two-tailed RT primers were predicted using the UNAfold web server (http://unafold.rna.albany.edu/) (47 (link)). RNA oligonucleotides were synthesized and quantified by Integrated DNA Technologies. DNA primers were synthesized and quantified by Invitrogen. Precursor miRNAs were synthesized by in vitro transcription from corresponding PCR products using T7 RNA polymerase (New England Biolabs) according to the manufacturer′s protocol (suppl. file). Reactions were treated with the Turbo DNA-free kit (Thermo Fisher), RNA was precipitated in 3M LiCl and quantified with the Qubit 2.0 fluorometer (Thermo Fisher). Correct size of the precursor miRNA products was verified using the Fragment Analyzer (Advanced Analytical).
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4

Molecular Mechanisms of Heroin-Induced Neurotoxicity

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The reagents and analysis systems used were as follows: heroin (purity 92.09%, provided by the Guizhou Public Security Bureau), pentobarbital sodium (Sigma, USA), naloxone hydrochloride (Chongqing YaoPharma, China), mouse monoclonal anti-SIRT1 (Abcam, USA), rabbit polyclonal anti-Cdk5, rabbit polyclonal anti-NF-κB (Bioss, China), rabbit monoclonal anti-FOXO1 (Abcam, USA), rabbit polyclonal anti-Cbp (Bioss, China), rabbit monoclonal anti-PSD95 (Abcam, USA), rabbit monoclonal anti-Syn (Abcam, USA), mouse monoclonal anti-beta-actin (Abcam, USA), SuperScript III RT reverse transcription kit (Invitrogen, USA) Sybr qPCR mix (Invitrogen, USA), Plasmid Mini kit (TransGen Biotech, Beijing, China), gel extraction kit (Omega), Trans2K Plus II DNA Marker (TransGen, Beijing, China), DNA primers (Invitrogen, USA), DNA sequencing (Invitrogen, USA), restriction endonuclease EcoRI (NEB, USA), T4 DNA Ligase (NEB, USA), Plasmid Maxi Kit (Qiagen, Germany), CPT High-efficiency Transfection Kit (Virotherapy Technologies, Wuhan, China).
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5

Exploring Protein Phosphatase Regulation in Testis

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Human CDC20, PP1α, and PP1γ were amplified from human testis cDNA (Marathon cDNA; Takara Bio) using Pfu polymerase (Agilent Technologies). CDC20 expression constructs were made using pcDNA5/FRT/TO vectors (Invitrogen) modified to encode the EGFP or FLAG reading frames; PP1 constructs were made using a modified pcDNA5/FRT/TO vector encoding a C-terminal GFPtag. Mutagenesis to introduce phospho-site mutations and resistance to CDC20 small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligo #14 was performed using the QuikChange method (Agilent Technologies). DNA primers were obtained from Invitrogen. For the knockdown of the catalytic subunits of PP1α and PP1γ, siRNA duplexes 5′-UGGAUUGAUUGUACAGAAAUU-3′ and 5′-GCGGUGAAGUUGAGGCUUAUU-3′ targeting the 3′-UTR of PPP1CA and PPP1CC, respectively, were used in Figures 2, 3, and 7 and Supplemental Figure S4. Duplexes targeting the ORFs 5′-CAUCUAUGGUUUCUACGAU-3′ and 5′-GAACGACCGUGGCGUCUCU-3′ for PPP1CA or 5′-GCGGAG­AGUUUGACAAUGC-3′ and 5′-UAGAUAAACUCAACAUCGA-3′ for PPP1CC were used in Figures 5, 6, and 8 and Supplemental Figures S2 and S3. PP1β was depleted using a 3′-UTR duplex 5′-GGGAAGAGCUUUACAGACAUU-3′ targeting PPP1CB. CDC20 was depleted using siRNA duplex #14 5′-CGGAAGACCUGCCGUUACA-3′ (ThermoFisher). PP2A-B55 and PP2A-B56 were targeted with siRNA duplexes that have been described previously (Hayward et al., 2019a (link),c).
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