Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, (C6H9NO)n, AMW ~55,000), indium(III) acetate (InC6H9O6, 99.99%), and bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, ≥99.99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3, ≥98%), copper (II) nitrate trihydrate (Cu(NO3)2·3H2O, 99%), silver nitrate (AgNO3, ≥99.9%), ethylene glycol (EG, HOCH2CH2OH, 99%), lead (II) acetate trihydrate (PbC4H6O4·3H2O), tin(II) chloride anhydrous (SnCl2, 98%), and potassium hydroxide (KOH, ≥98%) were acquired from Fisher. Analytical grade ethanol and acetone were obtained from various sources.
Copper 2 nitrate trihydrate
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in Belgium
Copper (II) nitrate trihydrate is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula Cu(NO3)2·3H2O. It is a crystalline solid that appears as blue-green crystals. The compound is soluble in water and is commonly used in various laboratory applications.
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Lab products found in correlation
Lead 2 acetate trihydrate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Ammonium sulfide solution, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Silver nitrate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Potassium hydroxide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ethylene glycol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Indium 3 acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bismuth 3 nitrate pentahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium selenite, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Polyvinylidene fluoride (pvdf), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Copper powder, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Manganese 2 nitrate tetrahydrate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sodium borohydride, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Iron 2 chloride tetrahydrate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Tetraethyl orthosilicate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Iron 3 chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium nitrate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Honeywell (1 mentions)
8 protocols using copper 2 nitrate trihydrate
1
Synthesis of Multimetal Nanoparticles
2
Fabrication of ITO-GO-PEDOT Supercapacitor
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Indium tin oxide (ITO) glasses (7 Ω) were supplied by Xin Yan Technology Ltd. Acetone (99%) and ethanol (95%) were received from QRec and J.Kollin Chemical, respectively. GO was procured from Graphenea. Copper (II) nitrate trihydrate was acquired from Fisher Scientific while trimesic acid (BTC) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), carbon black, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) were received from Sigma-Aldrich. Potassium chloride (KCl) was supplied by Fisher Scientific. Deionized (DI) water (18.5 MΩ cm) from the Merck Millipore-Q was utilized in all experiments.
3
Synthesis of Metal Sulfide Nanoparticles
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2.1. Chemicals: Lead (II) acetate trihydrate (Pb(OOCCH3)2•3H2O), copper (II) nitrate trihydrate (Cu(NO3)2•3H2O), and ammonium sulfide solution ((NH4)2S, 20% in H2O) were purchased from Fisher. Copper powder (<45 μm) was purchased from Sigma. All chemicals were used as received, without further purification.
4
Synthesis of Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles
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Chemicals. Copper(II) nitrate trihydrate (Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •3H 2 O) and ammonium sulfide solution ((NH 4 ) 2 S 20% in H 2 O) were purchased from Fisher. Chemicals were used as received without further purification.
Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles. The reaction took place at ambient atmosphere and temperature inside a fume hood. To obtain around 1 g of nanoparticles, 10 mmol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •3H 2 O were dissolved in 35 mL of deionized water in a centrifuge tube using ultrasound until obtaining a clear light-blue solution. Then, 2 mL of (NH 4 ) 2 S were injected into the centrifuge tube, which was strongly shaken to force a proper mixing of the reactants. Upon (NH 4 ) 2 S injection, the solution turned black owing to the nucleation of copper sulfide through the reaction:
(NH ) S Cu(NO ) CuS 2NH NO
Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles. The reaction took place at ambient atmosphere and temperature inside a fume hood. To obtain around 1 g of nanoparticles, 10 mmol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •3H 2 O were dissolved in 35 mL of deionized water in a centrifuge tube using ultrasound until obtaining a clear light-blue solution. Then, 2 mL of (NH 4 ) 2 S were injected into the centrifuge tube, which was strongly shaken to force a proper mixing of the reactants. Upon (NH 4 ) 2 S injection, the solution turned black owing to the nucleation of copper sulfide through the reaction:
(NH ) S Cu(NO ) CuS 2NH NO
5
Adsorption of Heavy Metals on Natural Zeolite
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Natural zeolite ZEOCEM 50 in powdered form and in the fraction 560–850 μm was purchased from Zeocem, (Bystré, Slovakia). The chemical composition of this powdered material, which contains at least 85 wt % of clinoptilolite and other mineral components like clay, feldspar and mica (9, 4 and 2 wt %, respectively), is shown in Table 1 .
Potassium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and hydrogen peroxide of analytical grade were supplied by Lach-Ner, s.r.o (Neratovice, Czech Republic). Na-water glass (sodium silicate) with silicate modulus 3.22 was supplied by Labar s.r.o (Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic).
The following compounds were used to prepare the solutions for the adsorption tests:
Potassium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and hydrogen peroxide of analytical grade were supplied by Lach-Ner, s.r.o (Neratovice, Czech Republic). Na-water glass (sodium silicate) with silicate modulus 3.22 was supplied by Labar s.r.o (Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic).
The following compounds were used to prepare the solutions for the adsorption tests:
Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3.9H2O) (Penta, s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic)
Manganese(II) nitrate tetrahydrate (Mn(NO3)2.4H2O) (Acros Organics B.V.B.A., Geel, Belgium)
Copper(II) nitrate trihydrate (Cu(NO3)2.3H2O) (Acros Organics B.V.B.A., Geel, Belgium)
Nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2.6H2O) (Penta, s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic)
Zinc(II) nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) (Lach-Ner, s.r.o., Neratovice, Czech Republic)
6
Synthesis of EMIM[Tf2N] Ionic Liquid
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Copper(II) nitrate trihydrate (98% purity), benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3btc, 95% purity), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (98% purity), lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (99% purity), and N,N′-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8% purity) were purchased from Acros (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Geel, Belgium, EU). N,N′-dimethylformamide (DMF) was distilled over CaH2 under reduced pressure.
Synthesis of ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIM[Tf2N]) was carried out according to a modified literature procedure [36 (link)]. The solution of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (14.2 g, 0.1 mol) in 25 mL of distilled water was mixed with a solution of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (28.7 g, 0.1 mol) in 50 mL of distilled water and 100 mL of dichloromethane in a separation funnel. The organic layer was separated and then washed with small portions (5–10 mL) of distilled water until a negative reaction of the water layer with AgNO3. The obtained dichloromethane solution of ionic liquid was concentrated using a rotary evaporator and then dried in a vacuum (10−2 Torr) overnight at 80 °C.
Synthesis of ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIM[Tf2N]) was carried out according to a modified literature procedure [36 (link)]. The solution of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (14.2 g, 0.1 mol) in 25 mL of distilled water was mixed with a solution of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (28.7 g, 0.1 mol) in 50 mL of distilled water and 100 mL of dichloromethane in a separation funnel. The organic layer was separated and then washed with small portions (5–10 mL) of distilled water until a negative reaction of the water layer with AgNO3. The obtained dichloromethane solution of ionic liquid was concentrated using a rotary evaporator and then dried in a vacuum (10−2 Torr) overnight at 80 °C.
7
Synthesis and Characterization of Metallic Nanostructures
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Silver nitrate reagent plus (AgNO3, 99.85%), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, 99%), and copper(ii ) nitrate trihydrate (99%) were purchased from Acros Organics. Thiosalicylic acid (C7H6O2S, 98%) and iron(ii ) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O, 98%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Silver nitrate solution 0.01 N and hydrochloric (HCl) were purchased from Honeywell Fluka. Tin(ii ) chloride dihydrate (SnCl2·2H2O, 98%) was purchased from Scharlau. Copper sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O, 98%) was purchased from Choneye pure chemicals. Cupric chloride dihydrate (CuCl2·2H2O, 99%) was purchased from HSE pure chemicals. 4-Mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA, >95%) was purchased from TCI. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 98%) was purchased from Aldrich. Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 28–30%) was purchased from MTEDIA. Iron(iii ) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O, >98%) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. All solutions were prepared using high-purity water with a resistance of 18 MΩ cm. All chemicals used were analytical grade or of the highest purity available.
8
Synthesis of Metal-Polymer Composites
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Nitric acid, sodium hydroxide,
and zinc nitrate hexahydrate were purchased from Honeywell. PEGDA
(Mw: 700), 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, and SMP were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.
Lead acetate, silver nitrate, copper(II) nitrate trihydrate, nickel(II)
nitrate hexahydrate, and potassium nitrate were purchased from Acros.
and zinc nitrate hexahydrate were purchased from Honeywell. PEGDA
(Mw: 700), 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, and SMP were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.
Lead acetate, silver nitrate, copper(II) nitrate trihydrate, nickel(II)
nitrate hexahydrate, and potassium nitrate were purchased from Acros.
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