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6 protocols using wedelolactone

1

Murine Macrophage and Microglial Cell Responses to TTC

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The murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and the murine microglial cell line BV2 were purchased from Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (cat. nos. CL-0190 and CL-0493, respectively). RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells were cultured in RAW 264.7-specific medium (cat. no. CM-0190; Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd.). and BV2-specific medium (cat. no. CM-0493; Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) with 10% FBS and 1% P/S antibiotics, respectively. Cells were incubated in a humidified incubator at 37˚C with 5% CO2.
Cells were treated with TTC (H20084308, Chengdu Tiantaishan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.) at a range of concentrations from 100 to 400 µM for 24 h at 37˚C, with or without pretreatment with the caspase-1 inhibitor, Belnacasan (Beln) (10 µM; cat. no. HY-13205; MedChemExpress) and/or the caspase-11 inhibitor, Wedelolactone (Wede) (20 µM; cat. no. HY-N0551; MedChemExpress) for 30 min at 37˚C to induce the macrophages, LPS (10 µg/ml; cat. no. L6529; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) was added 6 h before TTC treatment.
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2

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Culture Protocol

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Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2 and Huh-7) were obtained from South Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan (Foshan, China). HepG2 cells were cultured with DMEM (Gibco, NY, USA) containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Sigma, MO, USA) and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, NY, USA) under 5% CO2 at 37°C. Huh-7 cells were cultured with RPMI 1640 (Gibco, NY, USA) medium containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Sigma, MO, USA) and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, NY, USA) under 5% CO2 at 37°C.
Wedelolactone was purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, USA), and quercetin was purchased from Shanghai Fushen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Raw EH was purchased from Foshan Zhongtian Chinese Medicine Pieces Co., Ltd. (Foshan, China). The raw EH was authenticated by Deng Dongmei from the Department of TCM of the South Medical University Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Foshan. The extraction step of EH was carried out using a previously reported protocol [23 (link)]. The final extract of EH was redissolved at a concentration of 0.15 g/mL, filtered through a 0.22μ membrane, and then stored at −20°C.
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3

Binding Affinity of GPD1 and Wedelolactone

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To determine the binding affinity of GPD1 with WE, microscale thermophoresis (MST) was performed using Monolith NT.115 (NanoTemper Technologies GmbH, Munich, Germany) and standard capillaries. GPD1 recombinant protein was purchased from Proteintech (Cat. Ag4471), and wedelolactone was purchased from MedChemExpress (HY-N0551). The GPD1 recombinant protein was labeled with the fluorescent dye Red-NHS using NanoTemper’s labeling kit MO-L011 Monolith™ according to the manufacturer's instructions. A fluorophore/aptamer ratio of 0.5 was determined by measuring absorbance at 260 and 546 nm using a Nanophotometer™ (Implen GmbH, Munich, Germany). Incubate 200 nM labeled GPD1 protein with 1 µM to 62.5 µM WE. Analysis was performed in binding buffer including 0.05% Tween 20 at 25 °C. The fluorescence signal was normalized, and the Hill equation was fitted using MO Affinity Analysis v2.1.3 software (NanoTemper).
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4

Differentiated PC12 Cells: LPS and ATP Treatment

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Rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA) were cultured in high-sugar basic Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) containing penicillin (1 × 105 U/L) and streptomycin (100 mg/L) at 37°C with 5% CO2. Nerve growth factor (NGF, 50 ng/mL) was added (2.5 mL) to the DMEM medium to induce the differentiation of PC12 cells into sympathetic neuron-like cells. The PC12 cells were differentiated continuously for 7 days and the culture solution was changed every 2 days. When the protrusion lengths of the PC12 cells were more than twice the width of the cell body the cells were considered to be completely differentiated. Serum-free medium was added to the differentiated PC12 cells, and 2 hours later, the cells were treated with different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 50 µg/mL) of lipopolysaccharides (LPS; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) at different time points (0, 12, and 24 hours). This was followed by treatment with 5 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for 0.5 hours. Cells in the control group were cultured under normal conditions (no LPS or ATP). These cells were then subjected to treatment with 40 μM Belnacasan (Beln) or 2.5 μM Wedelolactone (Wede) purchased from MedChemExpress (Shanghai, China). This study was approved by the ethics committee of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University.
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5

Inhibition of TGF-β and EGF Signaling

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Reagents: Quercetin (Que, MedChemExpress, HY-18085), Luteolin (Lut, MedChemExpress, HY-N0162), Wedelolactone (Wed, MedChemExpress, HY-N0551), Human TGF-β1 (PeproTech, AF-100-21C-10), Human EGF (PeproTech, AF-100-15), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, Dojindo, CK04), DMEM (Macgene, CM10013), 0.05% Trypsin-EDTA (Macgene, CC017.2), Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS, VivaCell, C04001-500, Shanghai, China), Crystal Violet (TargetMol, T1343L, USA), VitroGel Hydrogel Matrix (THE WELL, VHM01).
Antibodies: p-Smad3 (abcam, ab52903), p-Smad2 (abcam, ab280888), Smad3 (abcam, ab40854), Smad2 (abcam, ab40855), p-EGFR (abcam, ab40815), EGFR (abcam, ab52894), GAPDH (Proteintech, 60004-1-Ig).
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6

Cellular Apoptosis and Inflammation Assays

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Disulfiram (DSF; HY‐B0240), 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU; HY‐15910), caspase‐11 inhibitor Wedelolactone (HY‐N0551), and caspase‐1 inhibitor Belnacasan (VX‐765; HY‐13205) were obtained from MedChemExpress. Recombinant mouse IL‐1β (50101‐MNAE) and IL‐18 (50073‐MNCE) were obtained from SinoBiological. Collagen type I (354236) was purchased from Corning. Collagenase IV (C5138) was obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich.
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