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19 protocols using hts 7000

1

Measuring Oxidative Stress in Neuronal Cells

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The SH-SY5Y (1 × 104 cells/well) and HT22 (1 × 104 cells/well) cells were seeded in a 96-well cell culture plate for 24 h, and the primary hippocampal neurons (2 × 105 cells/well) were seeded in a 24-well cell culture plate for 7 days. All cells were exposed to sevoflurane at concentrations of 4 and 8% for 12 h in the presence or absence of NAC. The levels of ROS were evaluated by redox-sensitive dye dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) (Beyotime Biotech, Nanjing, China) as we previously described (Wang et al., 2018 ). Cells were stained with 20 μmol/L DCFH-DA in a dark room for 30 min and the fluorescence density of DCFH-DA was calculated by a fluorescence spectrometer (HTS 7000, Perkin Elmer, Boston, MA, United States).
The levels of ROS in the hippocampi of rat pups were measured using an ROS ELISA detection kit (Jianglai Biotech, Shanghai, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The extracted supernatant of hippocampus tissue samples was added to the ELISA scale, reacted with conjugate for 1 h at 37°C, and then reacted with substrate for 20 min at 25°C followed by stop solution. Then, the fluorescence absorptions were measured by a microplate reader (HTS 7000, Perkin Elmer, Boston, MA, United States) at 450 nm immediately. The concentration of ROS was calculated corresponding to the mean absorbance from the standard curve.
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2

PEG-based Microgel Synthesis with Biotin

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A microgel precursor solution containing 5% w/v PEG-4MAL (20kDa, Laysan Bio) and 1.0 mM biotin-PEG-thiol (1 kDa, Nanocs) was reacted for 15 min in PBS. This precursor was dispersed into droplets and subsequently crosslinked within mineral oil (Sigma) containing 2% SPAN80 (Sigma) and a 1:15 emulsion of 30 mg/mL dithiothreitol (Sigma) on a microfluidic chip, as described previously 23 (link). Control microgels that did not contain biotin-PEG-thiol were also synthesized. After washing microgels 5 times by centrifugation in 1% bovine serum albumin (Sigma) in PBS, 104 microgels were incubated with varying concentrations of a streptavidin-AlexaFluor488 conjugate for 30 min in 500 µL PBS, and were washed 5 times by centrifugation to remove unbound SA. Microgels from each sample were placed in a 96-well plate and fluorescence was measured on a plate reader (Perkin Elmer HTS 7000). Biotin and control microgels were also synthesized with a covalently bound peptide (GRGDSPC)-AlexaFluor594 conjugate for microgel visualization, and were fluorescently imaged to confirm biotin-specific SA immobilization.
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3

Antimalarial Compound Screening Assay

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Ten microliters
of 10× compound diluted in RPMI 1640 media (Gibco) with a constant
concentration of 1% DMSO was added to a 96 well plate (Costar), 90
μL of 1.5% ring stage, synchronized with 5% w/v sorbitol P. falciparum 3D7 parasites, 1% hematocrit, in culture media
with 10% v/v human serum with 10 μg/mL gentamycin. Each compound
concentration and 1% v/v DMSO controls were run in triplicate. Plates
were incubated at 37 °C in 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2 for 72 h. Plates were frozen, thawed, and
incubated with 100 μL 2× SYBR green in lysis buffer (20
mM Tris pH 7.5, 5 mM EDTA, 0.008% Saponin, 0.08% TritonX-100) in the
dark for at least 1 h. Fluorescence was measured with a plate reader
(HTS 7000, PerkinElmer) at excitation/emission wavelengths of 485/535
nm.
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4

Measuring Cellular Oxidative Stress

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Fluorescence probe 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) was employed to evaluate ROS level. In short, 10 μΜ DCFH-DA (Sigma-Aldrich) was used to treat BRL-3A cells at 37°C for half an hour in the dark and then washed with serum-free DMEM for three times to fully remove the DCFH-DA that has not entered the cells. Finally, a fluorescence spectrometer (HTS7000, Perkin Elmer, USA) was applied to track ROS staining.
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5

Oxidative Stress Response in SH-SY5Y Cells

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SH-SY5Y cells (4×104) were seeded onto 96-well microplate and cultured 24 h, and then treated with H2O2 at indicated concentrations. The average level of intracellular ROS was evaluated by using redox-sensitive dye DCFH-DA (Beyotime Biotech, Nanjing, China). All the experimental cells were washed twice in PBS and stained in the dark for 30 min with 20μmol/L DCFH-DA. After the cells were dissolved with 1% Triton X-100, the fluorescence was measured at an excitation wavelength of 485 nm and an emission wavelength 530 nm using a fluorescence spectrometer (HTS 7000, Perkin Elmer, Boston, MA). The ROS levels were expressed as arbitrary unit/mg protein, then as the folds of control.
Other groups of SH-SY5Y cells were seeded onto a culture dish in a diameter of 3 cm and cultured 24 h. After being treated with H2O2, the cells were stained with DCFH-DA as described above, and observed under fluorescence microscope (Olympus IX71, Tokyo, Japan).
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6

Intracellular ROS Detection in PC12 Cells

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To detect intracellular ROS, PC12 cells were plated into 24-well plates. PC12 cells were stained with 10 μΜ 2,7-Dichlorodi-hydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA; Sigma-Aldrich) at 37°C for half an hour in the dark and washed with serum-free RPMI 1640 medium three times. Finally, ROS staining was observed with the adoption of a fluorescence spectrometer (HTS7000, Perkin Elmer, USA).
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7

Erythrocyte Hemolysis by Bacterial Biofilm

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Human erythrocytes were washed with RPMI 1640 medium until the supernatant was visually free of hemoglobin pigment. The washed erythrocytes were suspended in malaria complete medium to yield a 1% hematocrit. Filtered Csp_P biofilm was mixed with erythrocytes and incubated up to 24 h at 37°C. To separate lysed RBC cytosol from whole RBCs, the suspension was centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 5 min. The resulting supernatant was carefully aspirated and plated in new 96-well microplates. Control erythrocytes without any bacterial material were used as a negative control (blank), and freeze-thawed erythrocyte lysate was used as positive control (100% hemolysate). To determine the % lysis in test samples, plates were read at 405 nm in an ELISA plate reader (HTS 7000 Perkin Elmer), and the reading was expressed as a fraction of the positive control.
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8

Evaluating Cell Viability in Neuronal Cells

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The SH-SY5Y (1 × 104 cells/well) and HT22 (1 × 104 cells/well) cells were seeded in a 96-well cell culture plate for 24 h, and the primary hippocampal neurons (2 × 105 cells/well) were seeded in a 24-well cell culture plate for 7 days. All cells were treated with or without sevoflurane at indicated concentrations in the presence or absence of 3AB or NAC. According to manufacturer’s protocol, the cell viability was examined by measuring the levels of formazan using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, United States) through reading the absorbance value at 490 nm (HTS 7000, Perkin Elmer, Boston, MA, United States).
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9

Reconstitution and Swelling Assay of OprG Protein

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The assay was performed as described previously (Nikaido and Rosenberg, 1983 (link)) with the following modifications. Liposomes were made by suspending a dried film of 3 μmoles egg phosphatidylcholine (Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, Al) and 0.15 μmoles egg L-α-phosphatidic acid (Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, Al) in 20 μL of a 1.875 mM micellar solution of n-dodecylphosphocholine (Anatrace, Maumee, OH) in water containing 2 (protein-to-lipid ratio 1:1575) or 6 (protein-to-lipid ratio 1:525) nmoles OprG, sonicated for 15 min, and completely dehydrated in vacuo. After rehydration in assay buffer (12 mM stachyose, 10 mM HEPES-NaOH, pH 7.5) under vigorous shaking and 2 times 15 min sonication, a suspension of multilamellar vesicles containing OprG in their membranes was obtained. Reconstitution of OprG was quantitative as far as detectable on Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE gels (data now shown).
In a 96 well plate (Corning #3631), 5 μL OprG liposomes were diluted with 200 μL of an equiosmolar analyte solution in 10 mM HEPES-NaOH, pH 7.5, and absorbance was monitored at 405 nm using a Perkin-Elmer HTS 7000 plate reader over a period of 5 min. Data was analyzed following published procedures (Bangham et al., 1967 ; Nikaido and Rosenberg, 1983 (link)) and swelling rates were reported relative to L-alanine.
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10

Intracellular and Mitochondrial ROS Assay

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Intracellular ROS was evaluated by using DCFH-DA (Beyotime Biotech, Nanjing, China) according to manufacturer’s instruction. The fluorescence was measured at an excitation wavelength of 485 nm and an emission wavelength 530 nm using a fluorescence spectrometer (HTS 7000, Perkin Elmer, Boston, MA). The ROS levels were expressed as arbitrary unit/mg protein, then as the percentage of control.
Mitochondrial superoxide was assayed by using MitoSOX red according to manufacturer’s description (Invitrogen, Eugene, OR). The red fluorescence density was measured at an excitation wavelength of 510 nm and an emission wavelength at 580 nm, and was expressed as a ratio to the fluorescence in control cells.
Other groups of cells were seeded onto a 6-well culture plate, stained with DCFH-DA or MitoSOX red as described above, and observed under fluorescence microscope (Olympus IX71, Tokyo, Japan).
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