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8 protocols using multiscreen ip

1

Microsomal Enzyme Assay Reagents

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All solvents and reagents
were from Sigma-Aldrich Srl (Milan, Italy). Dodecane was purchased
from Fluka (Milan, Italy). Pooled male donors 20 mg/mL HLMs were from
BD Gentest-Biosciences (San Jose, California). Milli-Q quality water
(Millipore, Milford, MA, USA) was used. Hydrophobic filter plates
(MultiScreen-IP, clear plates, 0.45 mm diameter pore size), 96-well
microplates, and 96-well UV-transparent microplates were obtained
from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA).
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2

Fluzone-Specific Mouse IgA ELISPOT

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ELISPOT plates (multiscreen™-IP, Millipore, Cat#MAIPS4510, Billerica, MA) were coated with Fluzone (Sanofi Pasteur) as described previously [5 ] and incubated overnight at 4°C. Wells were washed with PBS and blocked with medium containing 10% FCS. Cells were then applied to wells (1×105 cells/well) usually in triplicate per sample and incubated for 3 hours at 37°C. Plates were washed and incubated with 100 μl of alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgA (Cat #1040-04) in PBS-Tween 20 with 1% BSA. After overnight incubation at 4°C, antibodies were removed and plates were developed with BCIP/NBT substrate (Sigma Aldrich, Cat#B5655) and rinsed with water prior to spot counting.
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3

Microsomal Metabolism Assay Protocol

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All solvents, L-α-phosphatidylcholine, hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), and propionic acid were from reagents, were from Sigma-Aldrich Srl (Milan,Italy). Dodecane was purchased from Fluka (Milan, Italy). Pooled Male Donors 20 mg/mL HLM were from BD Gentest-Biosciences (San Jose, California). Milli-Q quality water (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA) was used. Hydrophobic filter plates (MultiScreen-IP, Clear Plates, 0.45 μm diameter pore size), 96-well microplates, and 96-well UV-transparent microplates were obtained from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA).
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4

Quantifying T-cell Responses in Neuroinflammation

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At the time of sacrifice, lymphocytes were isolated from the brain and spleen (Becker et al., 2005 (link); Zierath et al., 2015b (link)). ELISPOT assays were used to detect MBP and OVAlbumin (OVA) specific secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-17 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Rat MBP was manufactured by NeoBioSci™. OVA was purchased from Sigma. Antigens were used at a concentration of 50 μg/mL; responses were assessed in triplicate.
Lymphocytes (1×105 cells/well) were cultured in media alone or in media supplemented with antigen for 48 hours in 96 well plates (Multiscreen®-IP, Millipore). Plates were developed using standard protocols (R & D Systems). Spots were counted with the aid of a semi-automated system (AID iSPOT®) and expressed as the ratio of the relative increase in antigen-specific IFN-γ secreting cells to that of TGF-β1 secreting cells (Th1 response) or as the ratio of the relative increase in antigen-specific IL-17 secreting cells to that of TGF-β1 secreting cells (Th17 response). For the purposes of this study, animals were considered to be Th1 (+) or Th17(+) if the Th1 or Th17 response to the antigen (MBP or OVA) was greater than the 75th percentile of uninfected animals treated with the same antibiotic. Analyses of ELISPOT plates was done by an investigator masked to treatment status.
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5

Isolation and Characterization of Brain-Derived Lymphocytes

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Lymphocytes were isolated from the brain by separating the hemispheres and homogenizing the tissue through a 70 micron screen. The homogenate was spun over a Ficoll®-Paque gradient to separate the lymphocytes from brain tissue. Lymphocytes (1×105 cells/well) were cultured in media alone or media supplemented with antigen or the mitogen concanavalin A (ConA; Sigma) for 48 hours in 96 well plates (Multiscreen®-IP, Millipore). ELISPOT assays were used to detect rat MBP (NeoBioSci™) and ovalbumin (OVA; Sigma) specific secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-17 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Antigens were used at a concentration of 50 μg/mL and ConA at 5 ug/mL. Responses were assessed in triplicate.
Plates were developed using standard protocols (R & D Systems). Spots were counted with the aid of a semi-automated system (AID iSPOT®) and expressed as the ratio of the relative increase in antigen-specific IFN-γ secreting cells to that of TGF-β1 secreting cells (TH1 response) or as the ratio of the relative increase in antigen-specific IL-17 secreting cells to that of TGF-β1 secreting cells (TH17 response).
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6

ELISPOT Assay for Detecting IFN-γ Secretion

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PBMCs from participants were obtained from whole blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation (Ficoll-Paque Plus; Amersham Biosciences) and then resuspended in Lympho-Spot medium (U-CyTech Bioscience, The Netherlands). Then, 2 × 105 cells were seeded in duplicates in 96-well plates (MultiScreen-IP; Millipore) precoated with anti-IFN-γ capture monoclonal antibody (eBioscience). Cells were stimulated with the peptide pool (ESAT-6 amino acids [aa] 21 to 40, aa 51 to 70, and aa 71 to 90 and CFP-10 aa 21 to 40, aa 51 to 70, and aa 66 to 85) for 24 h at 37°C with 5% CO2 as described previously (37 (link)). PBMCs in medium alone or stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (Sigma) at 2.5 μg/ml were used as negative or positive controls, respectively. Biotinylated anti-IFN-γ detection monoclonal antibody (eBioscience) was added for 4 h, followed by the addition of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate (Pierce Biotechnology) for 1 h. After a washing step, the nitroblue tetrazolium-BCIP (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylphosphate; Sigma) chromogenic substrate was added. The individual spots were counted by use of an automated image analysis system ELISPOT reader (BioReader 4000 Pro-X; Biosys, Germany).
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7

IFN-γ ELISPOT for PBMC Stimulation

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Peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells (PBMC) were purified by centrifugation over Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient (Ficoll-Paque Plus; Amersham Biosciences). A total of 2 Â 10 5 cells/well were seeded in duplicate in 96-well plates (MultiScreen-IP; Millipore) which were coated with anti-IFN-γ capture monoclonal antibody (eBioscience).
PBMC were stimulated with or without (negative control) phytohemagglutinin (2.5 μg/mL, Sigma; positive control), recombinant ESAT-6 protein (for IFN-γ), or peptides pool (for IFN-γ) [8] (link)[9] [10] (link) for 24 h at 37 C, 5% CO 2 . Biotinylated anti-IFN-detection monoclonal antibody (eBioscience) was added for 4 h and followed by the addition of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate (Pierce Biotechnology) for 1 h. At last, the nitroblue tetrazolium-BCIP (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylphosphate; Sigma) chromogenic substrate was added. And then individual spots were counted with ELISPOT reader (BioReader 4000 Pro-X; Biosys, Germany).
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8

Lymphocyte Isolation and IFN-γ Detection

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At the time of sacrifice, lymphocytes were isolated from both the ischemic and non-ischemic hemispheres of the brain. The total number of lymphocytes was determined using a hematocytometer. ELISPOT assays were done to detect the secretion of IFN-γ from the cells (R&D Systems). Briefly, cells were cultured in media alone or in media supplemented with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 μg/mL, Sigma Aldrich) for 48 hours in 96 well plates (Multiscreen®-IP, Millipore). Plates were developed using standard protocols (R & D Systems). After plate development, spots were counted with the aid of a semi-automated system (AID iSPOT®).
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