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NH4Cl is a chemical compound commonly known as ammonium chloride. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. The primary function of NH4Cl is to serve as a laboratory reagent and buffer solution in various scientific and industrial applications.

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6 protocols using nh4cl

1

Chitosan-based Nitrogen-doped Carbon Composites

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Chitosan and NH4Cl were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). All reagents used in this study were analytically pure, and no further purification was required prior to use.
Pretreatment of Chitosan: an appropriate amount of Chitosan was soaked in an oxalic acid solution with a mass ratio of 2 wt.% for 1 h. The solution was then rinsed with ultrapure water until neutral, and the remaining powder was placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 40–50 °C for 12 h. The light-yellow powder was subsequently obtained by grinding.
Preparation of NCC materials: Firstly, the mixture of 10 g of pretreated sugar and NH4Cl was ground for 10 min and heated to 1000 °C in a N2 tube furnace and then held for 3 h until cooled to room temperature, and the black swelling was collected and ground into a black powder in an agate mortar, which is the NCC powder, as shown in Figure 7.
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2

Anthraquinone-Based Metal Complexes Synthesis

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1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone, CoCl2, NaCl, CuSO4, ZnCl2, MgCl2, HgCl2, Ni(NO3)2, MnCl2, NH4Cl, Al2(SO4)3, CoCl2, formamide, ethanol, dichloromethane (DCM), glyphosate (GP), trichlorfon, 1-naphthofen, carbaryl, carbendazim, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), acrylamide, ammonium persulphateetc, and all of the reagents were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd (http://www.macklin.cn/) and were used without further treatment.
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3

Synthesis of Antimicrobial Nanoparticles

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The chemical reagents including Zn(NO3)2.6H2O, NH4Cl, ammonia, ethanol, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), NaNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, Na2CO3, Na3PO3 and NaH2PO3, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Chloroquine phosphate (CQ, quinolines), tetracycline (TC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were obtained from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All chemicals were analytical grade and were employed without further purification.
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4

Sorafenib-Induced Oxidative Stress Assay

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Sorafenib, Calcein-AM and TMRE were purchased from Med Chem Express (MCE). DCFH-DA (2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) was purchased from Sigma. FeCl3·6H2O and NH4Cl were purchased from MACKLIN. Sulphosalicylic acid was purchased from Aladdin. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) Alexa Fluor 488 and 350 dyes were purchased from Thermo Scientific. GFP and OFP fluorescin antibodies for Western blotting were purchased from Transgen. COX2 antibodies for Western blotting and TFRC, Ki67 antibodies for IHC were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology.
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of Quaternary Ammonium Salts

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Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%), Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB, 99%), Octyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (OTAB, 99%), Butyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (BTAB, 99%), Tetramethyl ammonium bromide (TMAB, 99%), Tetra ethyl ammonium bromide (TEAB, 99%), Tetra-n-propyl ammonium bromide (TPAB, 99%), Tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB, 99%), Hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide (HDBAB, 99%), Ethyl hexadecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (EHDAB, 99%), NaAuCl4·2H2O (99.8%), NH4Cl (99%), Na2SO3 (98%), Na2S2O3·5H2O (98%) and NaOH (98%) were purchased from Macklin. Na2SO4 (99%), Li2SO4 (99%), K2SO4 (99%), Cs2SO4 (99%), Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 99.9%), NaBr (99%), Benzaldehyde (99%) and Hydrobenzoin (99%, RR, SS and meso isomers) were purchased from Aladdin. Carbon ECP600JD was purchased from Sinero.
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6

Acute Toxicity of Ammonia on Litopenaeus vannamei

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A preliminary test was conducted to establish the ranges of lethal concentration. The toxicity period lasted for 2 days (48 h). After the acclimation for 14 days, feeding was discontinued 24 h before the commencement of the bioassay. A stock solution of ammonia was prepared by mixing NH4Cl (Macklin, Shanghai, China) in 1000 mg/L sterilized water. For the acute toxicity study, seven graded concentrations of NH4Cl solution were used in different groups: T0 (0.00 mg/L), T1 (25 mg/L), T2 (50 mg/L), T3 (75 mg/L), T4 (100 mg/L), T5 (125 mg/L), and T6 (150 mg/L). The experiments were conducted in 27 L aquaculture tanks (30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm), each tank with 14 shrimps, and all water quality parameters were maintained in the appropriate range (salinity 30‰, pH 7.80 ± 0.20, and 28 ± 2 °C). For each concentration, three replicates were established. The mortality of L. vannamei was recorded every 12 h, and dead shrimp were promptly removed from the tanks. A 48 h lethal median concentration (LC50) was determined following the Karber method [43 (link)].
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