Analytical standards of all pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxide were purchased from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany): Echimidine (Em), Echimidine-N-oxide (EmNO), Echinatine (En), Echinatine-N-oxide (EnNO), Erucifoline-N-oxide (ErNO), Europine (Eu), Europine-N-oxide (EuNO), Heliosupine (Hs), Heliosupine-N-oxide (HsNO), Heliotrine (Ht), Heliotrine-N-oxide (HtNO), Indicine (Id), Indicine-N-oxide (IdNO), Integerrimine (Ir), Integerrimine-N-oxide (IrNO), Intermedine (Im), Intermedine-N-oxide (ImNO), Lasiocarpine (Lc), Lycopsamine (Ly), Lycopsamine-N-oxide (LyNO), Retrorsine (Rt), Retrorsine-N-oxide (RtNO), Rinderine (Rn), Rinderine-N-oxide (RnNO), Senecionine (Sn), Senecionine-N-oxide (SnNO), Seneciphylline (Sp), Seneciphylline-N-oxide (SpNO), Senecivernine (Sv), Senecivernine-N-oxide (SvNO), Senkirkine (Sk), Spartioidine (St), Spartioidine-N-oxide (StNO), Usaramine (Us) and Usaramine-N-oxide (UsNO). Methanol (LC-MS grade) was from VWR Chemicals (Rosny-sous-Bois-cedex, France), sulphuric acid (96%) and acetonitrile (LC-MS grade) were from Carlo Erba Reagents (Val de Reuil Cedex, France), formic acid was from Carlo Erba Reagents (Milan, Italy) and ammonium formate (analytical grade) was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ultrapure water used throughout the experiments was produced by an EvoQua Water Technologies system (Diessechem, Milan, Italy).
Seneciphylline
Manufactured by Phytolab
Sourced in Germany
Seneciphylline is a laboratory reagent used in analytical procedures. It is a chemical compound obtained from plant sources. Seneciphylline is utilized as a standard or reference material for various analytical techniques, such as chromatography and spectroscopy, where its specific properties and characteristics are valuable for analysis and identification purposes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Europine, by Phytolab (3 mentions)
Intermedine, by Phytolab (3 mentions)
Echimidine, by Phytolab (3 mentions)
Echimidine n oxide, by Phytolab (3 mentions)
Heliotrine, by Phytolab (3 mentions)
Indicine, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Senecivernine, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Senkirkine, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Lasiocarpine, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Erucifoline n oxide, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Europine n oxide, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Intermedine n oxide, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Ammonium formate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Heliotrine n oxide, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Lycopsamine, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Senecionine, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Erucifoline, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Jacobine, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Sulphuric acid, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
Heliosupine, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
4 protocols using seneciphylline
1
Comprehensive Analytical Standards for Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
2
PA and PANO Reference Substances
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Reference substances for 25 PA and PANO were purchased from Phytolab, Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany (echimidine, echimidine N-oxide, europine, europine N-oxide, erucifoline, erucifoline N-oxide, heliotrine, heliotrine N-oxide, intermedine, intermedine N-oxide, jacobine, jacobine N-oxide, lasiocarpine, lasiocarpine N-oxide, lycopsamine, lycopsamine N-oxide, monocrotaline, monocrotaline N-oxide, retrorsine, retrorsine N-oxide, senecionine, senecionine N-oxide, seneciphylline, seneciphylline N-oxide, and senkirkine). Stock solutions (c = 1.0 mg/mL) of each PA/PANO were prepared either with acetonitrile or acetonitrile/water (50/50, v/v), depending on the solubility, and stored at 4 °C in the dark. A PA/PANO mix solution (c = 1.0 µg/mL of each analyte) was used to prepare calibration standards and for the validation experiments. Water, acetonitrile and methanol were used in LC–MS grade (Th. Geyer, Renningen, Germany). Ammonia solution (32%) was purchased from Th. Geyer as well. Formic acid and ammonium formate used as eluent additive (LC–MS/MS grade) were from Sigma Aldrich (Deisenhofen, Germany).
3
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Standards Preparation
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PA standards (acetyllycopsamine, echimidine
N-oxide, senecionine, and seneciphylline) were purchased from Phytolab
GMBH (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany), and retrorsine was purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Echiumine and echimidine were
obtained from a characterized (LC–(electrospray ionization
(ESI))MS/MS) extract of Echium plantagineum L. prepared as described before.26 (link)Stock solutions of the pure standards of 500–5000 mg/L were
prepared in acetonitrile. The solutions were stored at −18
°C, and the working standards were prepared daily.
Samples
of raw honey were taken directly from the producer and
stored at ambient temperature.
N-oxide, senecionine, and seneciphylline) were purchased from Phytolab
GMBH (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany), and retrorsine was purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Echiumine and echimidine were
obtained from a characterized (LC–(electrospray ionization
(ESI))MS/MS) extract of Echium plantagineum L. prepared as described before.26 (link)Stock solutions of the pure standards of 500–5000 mg/L were
prepared in acetonitrile. The solutions were stored at −18
°C, and the working standards were prepared daily.
Samples
of raw honey were taken directly from the producer and
stored at ambient temperature.
4
Comprehensive Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Standard Analysis
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In total, 30 pyrrolizidine alkaloid standards were utilized in a high resolution accurate mass (HRAM) LC-MS/MS screen. Echimidine, erucifoline, europine, heliotrine, indicine, intermedine, jacobine, lasiocarpine lycopsamine, monocrotaline, retrorsine senecionine, seneciphylline, senecivernine, and their respective N-oxides, were purchased together with senkirkine and trichodesmine from Phytolab GmbH & Co. KG (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany) and had a purity >89%. All other chemicals and solvents were of analytical reagent or HPLC grade purity. Water used for sample preparation and HPLC was Milli-Q purified (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany).
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