Carboxymethylcellulose

The spray formulations obtained by Fernandes and colleagues (2018) were used in the current work. Briefly, after obtaining the peel pomegranate extract and the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by both the Turkvich methodology [45 (link),75 (link)] and green route [45 (link)], the spray formulations were prepared, taking into account the MIC values of each active ingredient and considering previous results of cellular toxicity [45 (link)]. The formulation without actives contained 0.1% carboxymethylcellulose (Labsynth, Diadema, Brazil), 7% propylene glycol (Labsynth, Diadema, Brazil), and 0.1% methylparaben (Labsynth, Diadema, Brazil). The concentrations of the active ingredients were 94 µg/mL Punica granatum peel extract, and 337.5 µg/mL green silver nanoparticles or 5.55 µg/mL chemical nanoparticles.

Carboxymethylcellulose, poly(vinyl alcohol) (98% hydrolyzed), L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol, sodium hydroxide, acetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, monosodium phosphate, and heptahydrate disodium phosphate were purchased from LabSynth (Diadema, Brazil). Papain 30.000 USP-U/mg was acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and Nα-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide hydrochloride from Sigma-Aldrich (San Luis, MO, USA). All reagents were of analytical grade.