The collected data were organized, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using SPSS software statistical computer package version 18 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Quantitative data were presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (KS) test was performed as a test of normality. One-way ANOVA was used to compare between mean values of the age of the study groups. As regards pain score at a different time, Kruskal–Wallis test was used in comparing between the three groups then Dunn's test was performed as a pairwise comparison. The Friedman test was used to test the differences in visual analog scale scores at different times within the study groups. Qualitative data were presented as number and percentages; the Chi-square was used as a test of significance. For interpretation of the results of tests of significance, significance was adopted at P ≤ 0.05.
Spss software statistical computer package version 18
Manufactured by IBM
Sourced in United States
SPSS software statistical computer package version 18 is a comprehensive tool for statistical analysis. It provides a wide range of analytical capabilities, including data management, statistical modeling, and reporting. The software is designed to help users effectively analyze and interpret data.
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Lab products found in correlation
8 protocols using spss software statistical computer package version 18
1
Analyzing Pain Scores Across Study Groups
2
Assessing Coronary Artery Disease Severity
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The collected data were organized, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using SPSS software statistical computer package version 18 (SPSS Inc., USA). For quantitative data, the mean and standard deviation (SD were calculated. Independent t test or one-way ANOVA was used in comparing between any two groups or three groups, respectively. Qualitative data were presented as number and percentages, and chi-square (χ2) was used as a test of significance. Pearson’s correlation was run to identify the relation of SYNTAX score and GLS with study parameters. The receive operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the discrimination value of GLS for low and high SYNTAX score and to define optimal cut-points for sensitivity and specificity. For the interpretation of the results of tests of significance, significance was adopted at p ≤ 0.05.
3
Analyzing MicroRNA-222 Expression
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The obtained data were organized and statistically analyzed using SPSS software statistical computer package version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). For quantitative data, the mean and standard deviation were measured. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the difference about mean values of measured parameters among groups, multiple comparison between pairs of groups were performed using Tukey honest significant difference (post hoc range test). Pearson correlation was run to identify the relation of relative expression levels of micRNA-222 with serum glucose and insulin levels. Significance was adopted at p ≤ 0.05.
4
Evaluating Healthcare Workers' Knowledge on Tuberculosis
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All HCWs who agreed to participate were included for the analysis. The collected data was organized, tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS software statistical computer package version 18 (SPSS Inc, USA). For quantitative data, the mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. Independent t-test or one way ANOVA were used, when appropriate, to test the differences between several study variables as regards mean values of knowledge score. For qualitative data the number and percentage were calculated. Chi squared test (χ2) was used as a test of significance. Agreement between the two tests, TST and QFT, and Kappa values were calculated. The general significance was adopted at P≤0.05.
5
Statistical Analysis of Medical and Surgical Treatment
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The collected data were organized, tabulated and statistically analysed using SPSS software statistical computer package version 18 (SPSS Inc, USA). For quantitative data, the mean, median, standard deviation (SD) and range were calculated. Mann-Whitney U-test was used as a test of significance to compare between patients who were treated by medical and surgical as regards BCV. Qualitative data were presented as number and percentages, and chi-square (v 2 ) was used as a test of significance. For interpretation of results of tests of significance, significance was adopted at p ≤ 0.05.
6
Statistical Analysis of Quantitative and Qualitative Data
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The collected data were organized, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using SPSS software statistical computer package version 18 SPSS Inc, USA. For quantitative data, the mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. Independent t-test as used in comparing between two groups as regards mean values of different variables. Qualitative data were presented as number and percentages; Chi-square (X2) was used as a test of significance. For interpretation of results of significance, significance was adopted at P < 0.05.
7
Statistical Analysis of MALAT1 and Inc-DC in MS
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The collected data were organized, tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS software statistical computer package version 18 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, U.S.A.), SAS version 9.1 and SAS Enterprise 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc, NC, U.S.A.). For quantitative data, the mean, median, standard deviation (SD) and interquartile range (IQR) were calculated. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test test was performed as a test of normality. Variables were not normally distributed, so Mann–Whitney U-test was used in comparing between the two groups. Qualitative data were presented as number and percentages, chi square (χ2) was used as a test of significance. Spearman correlation was run to identify relation of MALAT1 and Inc-DC with study parameters. Logistic regression was used to calculate probabilities and corresponding 95% CI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cut-off point in which highest sensitivity and specificity of MALAT1 and Inc-DC as a predictor for MS and in differentiating secondary progressive MS (SPMS) from relapsing remitting MS (RRMS). For interpretation of results of tests of significance, significance was adopted at P≤0.05. Sample size was calculated using (G power version 3.0.10). Minimal sample size of patients was 45 in each group needed to get power level of 0.80, α level of 0.05 (two tailed) and medium effect size of 0.60 for (MALAT1).
8
Statistical Analysis of Vestibular Dysfunction
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The collected data was organized, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using the SPSS software statistical computer package version 18 (SPSS Inc, USA). For quantitative data, the mean and standard deviation were calculated. Independent t test was used to test the difference about mean values of age among patients with and without vestibular dysfunction. For qualitative data, the number and percent distribution was calculated; Chi squared test was used as a test of significance and correlations. For interpretation of results of tests of significance, significance was adopted at P < 0.05.
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