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Polyclonal rabbit anti human vwf antibody

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Polyclonal rabbit anti-human VWF antibodies are laboratory reagents used for the detection and analysis of von Willebrand factor (VWF) in biological samples. These antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with human VWF and then purifying the resulting polyclonal antibodies.

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11 protocols using polyclonal rabbit anti human vwf antibody

1

ADAMTS13 Activity and VWF Levels Assessment

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ADAMTS13 activity was measured using the fluorescence resonance energy transfer substrate VWF73 (FRETS-VWF73) as previously described [18 (link)]. VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) levels were determined with an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using polyclonal rabbit anti-human VWF antibodies (DakoCytomation, Glostrup, Denmark) for catching and tagging. Fibrinogen levels were derived from the clotting curve of the prothrombin time assay using Thromborel S as a reagent on an automated coagulation laboratory (ACL 300, Instrumentation Laboratory). In a subset of 1208 participants of RS-I-3, an extended panel of inflammatory and immunology markers was measured as previously described, including complement, immunoglobulins, and cytokines [19 (link)].
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2

Measuring VWF and ADAMTS13 in Elderly Cohorts

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Citrated plasma samples were collected at the third visit of RS-I and at the baseline examination of RS-II, and stored at −80°C. Between June and October 2013, we measured ADAMTS13 activity using a kinetic assay based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer substrate VWF73 (FRETS-VWF73) assay [27 (link)]. Plasma samples were measured against a reference curve of serially diluted pooled normal human plasma defined as having an ADAMTS13 activity of 1 IU/ml, and we expressed ADAMTS13 activity as a percentage of this reference value. The ADAMTS13 activity of 6258 participants was measured: 3791 from RS-I and 2467 from RS-II.
Between July and October of 2008, VWF antigen levels (in IU/ml) were determined with an in-house ELISA using polyclonal rabbit anti-human VWF antibodies (DakoCytomation, Glostrop, Denmark) for capturing and tagging [28 (link)]. The intra-assay CV was 5.8% and the interassay CV was 7.8%. VWF antigen levels were measured in 3968 individuals from RS-I and in 2561 individuals from RS-II.
In total, 5176 participants with VWF and ADAMTS13 measurements also had a fasting glucose measurement and were free of diabetes at baseline, while 4232 participants were free of prediabetes at baseline (ESM Fig. 2 and 3).
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3

VWF and ADAMTS13 Measurements in Plasma

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Fasting venous blood samples were taken at the research centre, and citrated plasma was stored at –80 °C. We determined VWF antigen with an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using polyclonal rabbit antihuman VWF antibodies (DakoCytomation, Glostrop, Denmark) for catching and tagging. The intra-assay coefficient of variation was 5.8% and the inter-assay coefficient of variation was 7.8%. We measured ADAMTS13 activity using a kinetic assay based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer substrate VWF73 (FRETSVWF73) assay19 (link). This assay uses a peptide containing the ADAMTS13 cleavage site of VWF, and thus captures variation in the VWF cleavage rate determined by ADAMTS13 levels and structure. Plasma samples were measured against a reference curve of serial dilutions of normal human plasma defined to have an ADAMTS13 activity of 1 IU/mL, and we expressed ADAMTS13 activity as a percentage of this. Ten percent of the samples were retested and all were within 25% variation. From these measurements, we also calculated the ratio between ADAMTS13 activity and VWF antigen levels.
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4

Plasma Biomarkers Measurement Protocol

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Citrated blood was centrifuged at 2000g for 10 min; then the plasma was centrifuged at 14,000g for 10 min and stored in aliquots at -80 °C. VWF:Antigen (VWF:Ag) levels were measured with an in-house ELISA, using polyclonal rabbit anti-human VWF antibodies (Dakocytomation, Glostrup, Denmark) for catching and tagging. ADAMTS13 activity was measured using the Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Substrate VWF 73 (FRETS-VWF73) [23] . Total fibrinogen levels were measured according to von Clauss on a fully-automated coagulation analyzer (Sysmex CS-5100 system, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Breda, the Netherlands). Fibrinogen γ' antigen levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as described previously using anti-γ' fibrinogen antibodies for catching and HRP-labeled rabbit anti-fibrinogen antibodies for tagging [24] .
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5

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Lung Vasculature

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On P7 and P14, rat pups were anesthetized, and their lungs were harvested and prepared for immunohistochemistry and histological analyses, as previously described (14 (link),33 (link)). For immunohistochemical evaluation of von Willebrand factor (vWF), the deparaffinized lung sections were incubated with polyclonal rabbit antihuman vWF antibody (DakoCytomation, Glostrup, Denmark) and a biotin-labeled donkey antimouse secondary antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA). Immune complexes were visualized using diaminobenzidine (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). Light hematoxylin and eosin was applied as a counterstain.
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6

SDS-agarose Electrophoresis for VWF Multimers

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SDS-agarose discontinuous gel electrophoresis was performed as previously described [12] (link). Briefly, medium resolution (1.6%) gel (LGT agarose type VII, Sigma, Munich, Germany) was prepared and the samples were diluted according to their VWF content in sample buffer. Electrophoresis was performed for ∼18 h at 55 V. After electrophoresis, the multimers were transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane by electroblotting using transfer buffer (0.05 M phosphate, pH 7.4 with 0.04 M SDS, without methanol). After transfer, nonspecific binding sites were blocked with low-fat milk. All of the following incubation and washing steps were performed in low-fat milk. The membrane was incubated overnight at a 1∶2000 dilution of polyclonal rabbit anti-human VWF antibody (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) or 1∶250 dilution of monoclonal mouse anti-human AAT type PiZ antibody (Clone ATZ11). Detection was performed using chemiluminescence (Fluorchem™, Alpha Innotech Corp., San Leandro, California).
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7

Quantifying Angiogenesis in Tissue Scaffolds

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Immunohistological staining for von-Willebrand Factor (vWF) was performed to quantify blood vessel infiltration in the scaffolds. Following paraffin removal in xylene and rehydration in decreasing concentrations of ethanol, antigen retrieval was performed in 0.05% trypsin-EDTA solution (Life Technologies) in PBS at 37°C for 15 minutes. Slides were rinsed in PBS and the endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked with 1% hydrogen peroxide in methanol for 30 minutes before drawing a hydrophobic barrier around each section. Samples were again rinsed in PBS and incubated for 1 hour in blocking solution consisting of 4% horse serum and 2% BSA in PBS-tween. Immediately after blocking, samples were incubated overnight in a 1:500 dilution of polyclonal rabbit anti-human vWF antibody (Dako, Carpinteria, CA) in blocking solution. Biotinylated horse anti-rabbit secondary antibodies (Vector Labs, Burlingame, CA) were diluted 1:200 in blocking solution and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature prior to a 30-minute incubation in horseradish peroxidase streptavidin (Vector). Finally, 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) chromogen (Vector) was developed for 10 minutes before counterstaining in hematoxylin. Lastly, samples coverslipped with VectaMount (Vector).
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8

Quantifying Plasma VWF Antigen by ELISA

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Plasma VWF antigen was determined by a laboratory-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as described previously (22 (link)). Briefly, maxisorp plates (Nalge Nunc International, Rochester, NY) were coated with 1:2,000 dilution of polyclonal rabbit anti-human VWF antibody (Dako, Denmark) at 4 °C for overnight. Plasma samples at various dilutions and standards were incubated at room temperature for 2 hours after blocking with 1% casein in PBS. After washing with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.05% Tween-20 for 3 times, a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated polyclonal rabbit anti-human VWF (Dako, Denmark) antibody at 1:3,000 was applied as the detection antibody. Following the final wash steps, one single tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) solution (Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA) was used for color development. The absorbance at 450 nm was determined with a ThermoMax190 micro-titer plate reader (Molecular Device, Sunnyvale, CA). Pooled normal human plasma (NHP, George King Bio-Medical, Overland Park, KS) was used as the standard, defined as having 100% of VWFAg.
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9

Plasma biomarkers in Gastric Cancer

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The plasma control group consisted of 32 healthy subjects (15 females and 17 males) aged 21-63 years (average age: 42.2 ± 13.3). Plasma samples from the control group and the group of patients with GC were prepared by centrifuging anticoagulated blood (in 3.8 g/dL sodium citrate) specimens at 2,000 g for 15 min at 4°C, and stored in aliquots at -80°C until analysis. The plasma vWF activity was detected using a commercially available direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (IMUBIND; American Diagnostica Inc., Stamford, CT, USA). The plasma vWF:Ag was quantified by sandwich ELISA using the rabbit anti-human vWF polyclonal antibody (Dako, Kyoto, Japan). Serum concentrations of VEGF were analyzed using a commercially available direct ELISA kit (NeoBioscience Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China).
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10

Production and Characterization of Anti-VWF Monoclonal Antibodies

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Blood donations were from healthy volunteers who provided written informed consent. The pMH3 vector and CHO-S cells were purchased from AmProtein (Hangzhou, China). Restriction enzymes, T4 DNA ligase, and Taq DNA polymerase were obtained from New England BioLabs (Beverly, MA, USA). Rabbit anti-human VWF polyclonal antibody and rabbit anti-human VWF-HRP antibody were purchased from Dako Cytomation (Glostrup, Denmark). Ristocetin, tetramethylbenizidine (TMB), and collagen type III from human placenta were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Goat anti-mouse IgG and Goat anti-mouse IgG labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were purchased from Beckman-Coulter (Brea, CA, USA). SZ-123, a murine anti-human VWF A3 domain mAb (IgG1) was produced by standard hybridoma technology in our laboratory as described previously [22 (link)]. SZ-34, a murine mAb that binds to the VWF A2 domain but does not inhibit its function, was produced by standard hybridoma technology in our laboratory [25 (link)].
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