Nanolog

N-Hydroxysuccinimidyl ester derivatives of organic dyes, Alexa488–NHS ester and ICG–NHS ester were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific and Goryo Chemicals (Japan), respectively. Heceptin, Cyramza, and Kadcyla were purchased from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Tokyo, Japan). Erbitux was purchased from Merk Serono. Anti-human PD-L1 antibody was purchased from Bio Cell. Normal human IgG was purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp. (Japan). Glutathione-coated PbS QDs (E_m: 1250 nm) were prepared by the literature method.^{36 (link)} Intralipid emulsion (20%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Breast tumour cells (KPL-4) were kindly provided by Dr Kurebayashi (Kawasaki Medical School). Skin tumour cells (A431) were purchased from RIKEN cell bank. Nude mice (five-week-old female BALB/c nu/nu mice) were purchased from SLC Inc (Japan).
Absorption spectra were recorded with a spectrophotometer (Jasco, V-670). Fluorescence spectra were recorded with a spectrofluorometer (NanoLog, HORIBA, Japan). Fluorescence imaging of cancer cells were performed with a fluorescence microscope (BZ-X700, Keyence, Japan). In vivo NIR fluorescence imaging was performed with a fluorescence system (Bruker MS-FX PRO). In vivo SWIR fluorescence imaging was performed with a home-built wide-field microscope system.^4a

PL spectra of organosilica – C-dots nanocomposite films have been recorded with a “NanoLog” Horiba Jobin Yvon spectrofluorometer, Japan: Excitation-fixed spectra at 365 nm and Excitation-Emission-Intensity PL spectra have been recorded with a 450 W xenon lamp as the excitation source. PL spectra have been collected with an excitation range of 250–600 nm and an emission range of 300–650 nm. PL map spectra of C-dots dispersed in different solvents have been recorded using a quartz cuvette with the NanoLog under the same conditions as films.

Time-correlated single photon counting experiments were performed using Horiba, NanoLog series of spectra-fluorometers equipped with Fluoro3PS-Photomultiplier Power Source. NanoLED laser diode with excitation wavelength of 390 nm at repetition rates of 1 MHz was used to excite QDs. The lifetime trajectories of QDs were recorded for 400 ns time durations.

The optical absorption spectra of the SWCNTs were measured from 250 to 1,350 nm using a UV-vis-NIR spectrometer (UV-3600, Shimadzu) with a quartz cuvette and a path length of 10 mm. The spectral slit width was 2 nm. The photoluminescence spectra of the SWCNTs were measured as a function of excitation and emission wavelengths using a spectrofluorometer (NanoLog, HORIBA) equipped with a liquid nitrogen-cooled InGaAs near-IR array detector. The excitation wavelength was varied from 450 to 850 nm in 5-nm steps, and the emission wavelength was varied from 850 to 1,350 nm. The spectral slit widths were 7 nm for both excitation and emission. The raw data were corrected using instrumental factors. The optical extinction spectrum of mouse skin was measured from 250 to 1,350 nm using a UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer (UV-3700, Shimadzu) equipped with an integrating sphere. The mouse skin was completely removed from the back of a nude mouse and immediately used for the optical measurements. The thickness of the mouse skin was measured using digital calipers and estimated to be 0.35 mm. The spectral slit width was 8 nm.