Participants were imaged on a 64-slice dual-source CT scanner (Siemens Somatom Definition DS, Erlangen, Germany) after allergy testing of the contrast agent and fasting for 12 hours. After a plain scan was completed, a 2-mL/kg dose of nonionic iodinated contrast medium (Iodixanol; Yangtze River Pharmaceutical, Taizhou, China) was injected through a 16- or 18-gauge catheter into an antecubital vein at a flow rate of 5 mL/s. This was followed by a chaser bolus of 40 mL of saline solution. Images were obtained separately in the arterial phase (the delay time was determined by bolus-tracking software, generally at 20 to 25 s after injection, according to the time of abdominal aortic enhancement), portal venous phase (45 s after the first acquisition), and delayed phase (120 s after the first acquisition). The scanning parameters were as follows: collimation, 128 rows × 0.6 mm; section thickness, 5 mm; 120 kVp; and effective tube current-time charge, 200 mA. Coronal reconstructions were performed with a section thickness of 2 mm. Additionally, thin sections measuring 1 mm were obtained, and the acquired images were transferred to a workstation (Syngo Multimodality Workplace software; Siemens) to create high-resolution curved planar reformatted images of the pancreas.
Somatom definition ds
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany
The Somatom Definition DS is a computed tomography (CT) scanner developed by Siemens. It is designed to provide high-quality imaging for a variety of clinical applications. The system utilizes dual-source technology to capture images quickly and efficiently.
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5 protocols using somatom definition ds
1
Dual-Source CT Imaging of Pancreas
2
Measuring Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter on Brain CT
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Brain CT scans were performed based on standard protocols using non-contrast 4 mm contiguous slices parallel to the orbital floor from the skull base to the vertex. The pre-CA and post-CA ONSDs were bilaterally measured at 3 mm behind the globe on brain CT using the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) ruler tool (PiView STAR, INFINITT, Seoul, Korea). Images were magnified at 450% and changed to the “mediastinum window (window width: 440; window level: 45) using the PACS tool. The ONSDs of the right and left eyes were averaged to obtain the mean value. All measurements were performed by emergency physicians blinded to the patient information, including the neurologic outcomes. Additionally, we calculated the amount and rate of ONSD change. We defined the amount of change as the difference between the pre-CA and post-CA ONSD. Moreover, the rate of ONSD change was calculated as follows:
We used the following CT equipment: SOMATOM Sensation 16, SOMATOM Definition DS, and SOMATOM Definition Edge (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). The following parameters were used: 120 kVp, 250–500 mAs, and 4 to 4.5 mm slice thickness. All CT images were stored in the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine format in the PACS.
We used the following CT equipment: SOMATOM Sensation 16, SOMATOM Definition DS, and SOMATOM Definition Edge (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). The following parameters were used: 120 kVp, 250–500 mAs, and 4 to 4.5 mm slice thickness. All CT images were stored in the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine format in the PACS.
3
Thoracic CT Acquisition Protocol
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All CT examinations had been performed in the supine position at full inspiration, with usual acquisition parameters, allowing obtaining high resolution CT images of the whole thorax during a single breath hold. Five different 16-to-64 multislice CT devices from two different vendors (Somatom Sensation 16 and Somatom Definition DS, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany; Lightspeed plus, Bright Speed 16 and Optima CT 660, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wi) had been used, depending on the site and date of the CT examinations, all performed with equivalent acquisition parameters. The radiation dose resulting from each CT acquisition was evaluated by collecting the mean dose-length product (DLP) value from the dose reports.
4
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in CT
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Brain CT were scanned parallel to the orbital floor from the base of the skull to the vertex using 4 mm non-contrast continuous slices, according to normal methods. ONSD and ETD are the distances between the outer margins of the thick sheath layers surrounding the optic nerve and the globe, respectively. The ONSDs were measured estimated at 3 mm behind the globe in both sides, and the axial scan image with the maximum ETD of each eye was chosen. The ONSDs and ETDs of both the eyes were averaged to obtain mean values, and the ONSD/ETD ratio was calculated. All measurements, including neurological outcomes, were carried out by two emergency physicians who were blinded to patient information. The average values of the ONSD and ETD measured by the two physicians were adopted. The images were enlarged by 450% using the PACS tool and moved to 440 of the window width and 45 of window level. The mean values of ONSDs and ETDs were obtained from the right and left eyes. Additionally, we calculated the ONSD/ETD ratio. SOMATOM Definition Edge, SOMATOM Definition DS, and SOMATOM Sensation 16 CT equipment were utilized (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). The following parameters were set: 120 kVp, 250–500 mAs, and a slice thickness of 4–4.5 mm. All CT scans were stored in the PACS by DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) format.
5
Evaluation of Pulmonary Embolism with CTPA
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The CT scans were obtained with a 128 row multi-detector CT (Siemens Somatom Definition DS). An unenhanced scan in supine position from the jugular to the diaphragmatic domes was performed, followed by a CTPA. The CT images were independently reviewed by two radiologists (MDC and AM, senior specialist consultant and fellow, respectively) and final decision was reached by consensual discussion. CT images were analysed to identify pulmonary artery filling defect (PAFD) [31] and pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities (PPA).
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