The cement pastes were centrifuged for each test at 15,000 g (g = 9.81 m/s²) for 8 min. Afterwards, the supernatant solution was removed with a syringe and filtered (syringe filter; 0.45 µm pore size). pH was measured immediately after centrifugation using a glass electrode. For stabilization purposes against precipitation, the aqueous solution was stabilized by addition of 1% HNO3 at a dilution factor of 13. The measured concentrations were corrected taking this dilution into account. Ion concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES, Horiba, ActivaM, Oberursel, Germany). The degree of supersaturation was calculated from ion activities (Debye-Hückel theory) using the software Phreeqc (cemdata 3T_V07_02 database [26 (link)]) and the thermodynamics provided in [27 (link),28 (link),29 (link)].
Icp oes
Manufactured by Horiba
Sourced in France
ICP-OES is an analytical technique used for the detection and quantification of trace elements in a variety of sample types. It utilizes an inductively coupled plasma as the excitation source and an optical emission spectrometer for the detection of the emitted light. ICP-OES provides multi-element analysis capabilities with high sensitivity and wide linear dynamic range.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Tga dsc1 instrument, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Cary 5000 spectrophotometer, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
H 7650 system, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Fei talos f200s transmission electron microscope, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Nicolet is50 spectrometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Miniflex 600 x ray diffractometer, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
Flir c2, by Teledyne (1 mentions)
Electronic balance, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
7 protocols using icp oes
1
Centrifugation and Ion Concentration Analysis
2
Determination of Total and Active Iron
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Dried shoots were used for the analysis of total and active Fe concentrations after milling shoot samples to powder in an agate mill. Total Fe concentration was determined according to Ozturk et al. (2006) (link) with slight modifications. Briefly, 125 mg (±5) ground shoot sample was digested in 2 mL of 30% H2O2 and 5 mL of 65% HNO3 using a microwave reaction system (Mars Express CEM Corp., Matthews, NC) for 30 min. Following digestion, sample volume was brought to 20 mL by deionized water and filtered through quantitative filter paper. Iron concentration in extracts was analyzed with an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES, Jobin-Yvon, JY138-Ultrace) and the results were checked against a standard reference material (SRM 1547 Peach Leaves, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA).
The concentration of active Fe was also analyzed by ICP-OES following extraction of 100 mg (±5) ground shoot sample in 10 mL of 1 N HCl for 2 h at 120 rpm (Takkar & Kaur 1984) (link).
The concentration of active Fe was also analyzed by ICP-OES following extraction of 100 mg (±5) ground shoot sample in 10 mL of 1 N HCl for 2 h at 120 rpm (Takkar & Kaur 1984) (link).
3
Synthesis of Pt/Al2O3 Catalysts
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Tetraamineplatinum(II) nitrate (Alfa Aesar, >50 wt% Pt) and platinum(II) acetylacetonate (Alfa Aesar, >48 wt% Pt) were used as Pt precursors without further purification. The γ-Al 2 O 3 powder (Sasol Puralox SCFa-140, >97.0 % Al 2 O 3 ) was calcined in air at 600 °C for 3 h before use. For catalyst preparation, 2.0 g of alumina powder was impregnated with 2 mL of an aqueous solution of Pt(NH 3 ) 4 (NO 3 ) 2 (incipient wetness impregnation, 0.3Pt-imp sample) or added to a 25 mL ethanol solution of Pt(acac) 2 (wet impregnation, 0.5Pt-imp sample), and stirred at ambient temperature for 5 h. For 0.3Pt-imp, the solid was dried in air at 60 °C overnight. For 0.5Pt-imp, ethanol was evaporated with a vacuum rotary evaporator at 80 °C and the solid was dried under vacuum at 80 °C overnight. The resulting powders were calcined in air (30-50 mL/min) at 300 °C for 2 h (2 °C/min ramp). The Pt loadings of the 0.3Pt and 0.5Pt samples were find equal to 0.30 and 0.51 wt%, respectively, by inductively coupled plasma -optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES, Horiba Jobin Yvon). It was observed that, for a given Pt loading, incipient wetness impregnation and wet impregnation lead to similar Pt dispersion and CO oxidation performance, the final calcination being the key parameter. 44
4
Comprehensive Characterization of Material Samples
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Powder
X-ray diffraction (XRD) of various samples was characterized on a
Miniflex600 (Rigaku, Japan) equipped with Cu Kα radiation
(40 kV, 15 mA), and the data were collected in the two-theta range
of 5–50° with a scan rate of 5°/min. Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM, Apreo S LoVac, Czech) was used for imaging the morphology
of the samples, with the acceleration voltage set to 2.0 kV. Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded on a Nicolet iS 50
FTIR instrument with a DTGS KBr detector, by averaging over 32 scans
with a data interval of 0.482 cm–1. Thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) was conducted from room temperature to 800 °C
on a TGA/DSC-1 instrument (Mettler Toledo, Switzerland) in an Ar atmosphere
with a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The ratio between iron and
cerium in the sample was determined by inductively coupled plasma
optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, Horiba Jobin Yvon, France).
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed on an AXIS SUPRA
(Kratos, UK) with an Al anode. The XPS data was analyzed by the XPSPEAK41
software.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) of various samples was characterized on a
Miniflex600 (Rigaku, Japan) equipped with Cu Kα radiation
(40 kV, 15 mA), and the data were collected in the two-theta range
of 5–50° with a scan rate of 5°/min. Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM, Apreo S LoVac, Czech) was used for imaging the morphology
of the samples, with the acceleration voltage set to 2.0 kV. Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded on a Nicolet iS 50
FTIR instrument with a DTGS KBr detector, by averaging over 32 scans
with a data interval of 0.482 cm–1. Thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) was conducted from room temperature to 800 °C
on a TGA/DSC-1 instrument (Mettler Toledo, Switzerland) in an Ar atmosphere
with a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The ratio between iron and
cerium in the sample was determined by inductively coupled plasma
optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, Horiba Jobin Yvon, France).
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed on an AXIS SUPRA
(Kratos, UK) with an Al anode. The XPS data was analyzed by the XPSPEAK41
software.
5
Comprehensive Analytical Techniques for Nanoparticle Characterization
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Transmission electron microscopy images were obtained using a Hitachi H‐7650 system (Hitachi, Japan), and the nanoparticle size and zeta potential were determined using dynamic laser scattering (Brookhaven, USA). HAADF‐STEM and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping were performed using an FEI Talos F200s transmission electron microscope (Thermo Fisher, USA) equipped with an energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer (EDS). XRD patterns were measured using a Miniflex 600 X‐ray diffractometer (Rigaku, Japan). Cell images were observed under CLSM (Nikon, Japan). Quantitative analyses of metal elements were detected by ICP‐OES (Horiba Jobin Yvon S.A.S, France). Optical properties were recorded on an FLS920 spectrometer (Edinburgh, UK). UV–vis absorption spectra were obtained using a Cary 5000 spectrophotometer (Agilent, USA). Fourier‐transform infrared spectra were obtained using a Nicolet iS50 spectrometer (Thermo Fisher, USA). Bone parameters were analyzed using high‐resolution X‐ray micro‐CT (Bruker, Belgium).
6
Seawater Evaporation Performance Evaluation
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The seawater evaporation performance was conducted using a class ABB solar simulator (94021A, Newport Corporation, USA) with an AM 1.5 G filter at an ambient temperature of 28 °C and a humidity of 40%. The BC photothermal material was attached to the commercial polystyrene (thickness of 20 mm) foam covered with a commercial cotton gauze (Tanaphar, Vietnam; thickness of 0.2–0.3 mm; mesh size of 2 mm × 2 mm), as illustrated in Fig. 4(a) (Fig. S1† ). The samples were floated in a quartz beaker (4.5 mm in diameter) filled with seawater, that was taken from the Vietnam Sea. An electronic balance with a 0.01 mg resolution (Mettler Toledo, Switzerland) was utilized to record the changes in the mass of water during the water-evaporation experiments. Using a thermal imaging camera (FLIR C2; FLIR Systems, Inc.; USA), IR photographs of the samples were obtained, and the surface temperature distributions were monitored. Ion concentrations of seawater and desalinated water were measured by using SW-846 test method 6010D: inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES; HORIBA, Japan) and Skalar SAN++ continuous flow analysis (CFA) analyzer (Skalar, Netherlands).
7
Characterization of Functionalized Semiconductor Nanocrystals
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CdSe/ZnS core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals with amino (QD-NH2,Qdot®655 ITK™ Amino (PEG)), carboxyl (QD-COOH, Qdot®655 ITK™ Carboxyl) and PEG (QD-PEG, Qtracker®Vascular Label) surface groups were purchased from Invitrogen. The emission maximum of all QDs was 655 nm. The concentration of QD stock solutions was 8 µM for QD-NH2 and QD-COOH modifications and 2 µM for QD-PEG as provided by the distributor. The cadmium concentration of a 1:1000 dispersion in water was determined using ICP-OES (Horiba Jobin Yvon Ultima 2). Prior to dilution, QD stock solutions were vortexed for 20 min followed by a short centrifugation at low rpm to remove particles from the lid of the tubes.
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