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4 protocols using ssrna41

1

RNA Transfection in THP-1 Cells

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RNA including negative control tRNA, positive control Poly I:C, HCV 1–807 bp, 2406–3256 bp, 5626–6437 bp, HCV 3′UTR, HCV full length (FL) RNA, ssRNA40, ssRNA41 and ssPolyU (Invivogen, USA) were transfected with Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen, USA) diluted in OptiMEM (Invitrogen, USA) without nucleic acids according to the manufacturer’s protocol. 1 µg of nucleic acid were delivered into THP-1 cells or THP-1 derived macrophages with 2.5 µl of Lipofectamine 2000 unless described otherwise.
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2

Innate Immune Response Analysis

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PRR ligands were obtained from Invivogen and used at the following working concentrations: Pam3CSK4 (1 μg/mL), HKLM (108 cells/mL), poly(I:C) (25 μg/mL), LPS (1 μg/mL), flagellin (1 μg/mL), FSL‐1 (1 μg/mL), imiquimod (10 μg/mL), ssRNA40 (10 μg/mL), ssRNA41 (10 μg/mL), ODN2006 (3 μM), poly(I:C)/LyoVec (10 μg/mL), and MDP (10 μg/mL). Chloroquine and mianserin hydrochloride were obtained from Sigma. Influenza A/PR/8/34 stock (400 hemagglutination units (HAU)/mL) was kindly provided by Prof. John McCauley (NIMR, London). CD80, CD83, CD86 antibodies for flow cytometry were purchased from eBioscience. Polyclonal rabbit anti‐MxA antibody used for immunoblot and flow cytometry was purchased from Abnova (H00004149‐D01P). The Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® antibody (CST, #3900) was used as matching isotype control for flow cytometry. Pre‐miRs and anti‐miRs were obtained from Ambion (pre‐miR negative control #1: AM17110, anti‐miR negative control #1: AM17010, pre‐miR‐650: PM11602, anti‐miR‐650: AM11602).
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3

Comprehensive Immune Receptor Agonist Library

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The following compounds were purchased from Invivogen (Ibian Technologies, Zaragoza, Spain): NOD1 and NOD2 agonist kit (#tlrl-nodkit2), containing C12-iE-DAP, iE-DAP, murmyl-dypeptide (MDP), L18-MDP, M-TriDAP, M-TriLYS, murabutide, PGN-ECndi and TriDAP, were purchased from Invivogen (Ibian Technologies, Zaragoza, Spain); Human TLR3/7/8/9 Agonist Kit (#TLRL-KIT3HW3), containing Poly(I:C) (HMW), Poly(I:C) (LMW), Poly(A:U), Imiquimod, R848, CL075, ssRNA40/LyoVec, ssRNA41/LyoVec, ODN2006, ODN2006control, ODN2216, ODN2216control, ODN2395 and ODN2395control; CU-CPT9a, ODN2088, MRT67307, BX795, BAY 11-7082, Pepinh-MYD, Pepinh-MYD Control, Pepinh-TRIF, Pepinh-TRIF Control, L-Kynurenine, 3p-hpRNA, G3-YSD, G3-YSD Control, H-151, G-140, Indirubin, VACV-70/LyoVec, VACV-70c control, HSV-60, Control for CDS Ligands HSV-60/LyoVec, Poly(dA:dT) LyoVec and Poly(dG:dC) LyoVec. NOD inhibitors NOD-IN-1 and ML130 were purchased from Selleckchem (Munich, Germany). Poly(I:C), lipopolysaccharide (LPS, #L6529) and PMA (#P1585) were obtained from Sigma-Merck, Burlington, MA, USA. All compounds were reconstituted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or water according to manufacturer’s instructions and stored at −20 °C until use.
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4

Generation of Monocyte-Derived Macrophages

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Monocyte derived macrophages were generated from whole blood of HIV seronegative donors as previously described [13 (link)]. All experiments were performed in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% (v/v) charcoal/dextran treated, heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gemini Bio-Products), 10 ng/mL macrophage colony stimulating factor (Peprotech), and 40 ng/mL 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (Sigma) (growth media). Sirolimus and bafilomycin A1 were obtained from Sigma and LC Laboratories respectively. LyoVec, ssRNA40, and ssRNA41 were obtained from Invivogen. Cell death was estimated using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Cytotoxicity Detection KitPLUS (Roche).
Lentiviral transduction of macrophages with MISSION pLKO.1-puro lentiviral vectors containing shRNAs targeting ATG13 (SHCLNV-NM_ 014741/TRCN0000172507), BECN1 (SHCLNV-NM_003766/TRCN0000033551 and TRCN0000299864), TFEB (SHCLNV-NM_007162/TRCN0000013108), TLR8 (SHCLNV-NM_138636/TRCN0000359320), or scrambled non-target negative control (SHC002V) was performed according to the manufacturer's protocol (Sigma). Macrophages were transduced with non-specific scrambled shRNA (shNS) or target shRNA and selected for using puromycin (Gibco). Five days later, cells were analyzed for target gene silencing and used in experiments.
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