Kjeltec 8400 analyzer

Manufactured by Foss

Sourced in Sweden, Denmark

The Kjeltec 8400 analyzer is a lab equipment product designed for nitrogen determination. It provides fast and reliable analysis of nitrogen content in a variety of sample types.

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Lab products found in correlation

Xt 15i, by ANKOM Technology (2 mentions) Ankom 200 system, by ANKOM Technology (2 mentions) Mac 50 1 nh, by Radwag (1 mentions) L 8900, by Hitachi (1 mentions) Soxtec avanti 2055, by Foss (1 mentions) 848 titrino plus, by Metrohm (1 mentions) Ct 293 cyclotec, by Foss (1 mentions) 7890a gas chromatogram, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)

16 protocols using kjeltec 8400 analyzer

Chemical Composition of Maritime Pine Bark

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Bark from P. pinaster (approximate age 15 years) was collected in Ponte de Lima, Portugal (April 2016). Firstly, the bark was washed with distilled water and dried at 40 °C for 48 h and subsequently milled in a cutting mill (Retsch SM 2000) to a granulometry of 0.1–0.45 mm for general chemical composition and 1–1.6 mm for extraction process.
Chemical summative analyses were determined in accordance to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) official protocols, and included ethanol extractives (NREL/TP-510-42619), structural carbohydrates (namely cellulose and hemicellulose), klason and acid soluble lignin (NREL/TP-510-42618) and ash content (NREL/TP-510-42622). The mineral content was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), after PB digestion with HNO₃. Fat content was determined according to the official AOAC method (nº 920.39). Total proteins content estimated by using the N×6.25 conversion factor, was performed using a Kjeldahl distillator (Kjeltec 8400 Analyzer, FOSS, Hilleroed, Denmark) by quantification of Nitrogen after PB digestion. PB moisture was determined gravimetrically using a moisture analyzer (MAC 50/1/NH, RADWAG, Radom, Poland). All experiments were performed in triplicate.

Ferreira-Santos P., Genisheva Z., Botelho C., Santos J., Ramos C., Teixeira J.A, & Rocha C.M. (2020). Unravelling the Biological Potential of Pinus pinaster Bark Extracts. Antioxidants, 9(4), 334.

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Quantifying Leaf Nitrate and Total Nitrogen

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The procedure of leaf NO₃⁻ measurement was based on He et al. [59 ]. Dried leaf samples (0.01 g) were ground with 10 mL Milli-Q water. The mixture was shaken at 37 °C, 200 rpm for 2 h. The mixture was then filtered through a 0.45 μm pore membrane using a vacuum filter. The filtrate was topped up to 50 mL with acidified Milli-Q water. The NO₃⁻ concentration was determined using the Flow Injection Analyzer (Model Quikchem 8000, Lachat Instruments Inc., Milwaukee, WI, USA). The resulting magenta solution was read at 520 nm to obtain the NO₃⁻ concentration. To determine TRN concentration, 0.05 g of dried samples was digested with a Kjeldahl tablet in 5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid for 60 min at 350 °C. After digestion, a Kjeltec 8400 analyzer (Foss Tecator AB, Höganäs, Sweden) was used to quantify TRN concentration.

He J., Leng S.Y, & Qin L. (2023). Growth, Physiology and Nutritional Quality of C4 Halophyte Portulaca oleracea L. Grown Aeroponically in Different Percentages of Artificial Seawater under Different Light-Emitting Diode Spectral Qualities. Plants, 12(18), 3214.

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Carcass Composition Analysis Protocol

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The whole body carcass samples were analyzed in duplicate for dry matter, ash, CP and crude fat according to the methods of AOAC [17 ]. The CP content was estimated by multiplying the total nitrogen content determined using a Kjeltec 8400 analyzer (FOSS Analytical AB, höganäs, Sweden) by 6.25. Crude fat was determined using an automatic extractor analyzer (XT 15i, Ankom Technology Co., Macedon, NY, USA).

Hou L., Wang L., Qiu Y., Xiong Y., Xiao H., Yi H., Wen X., Lin Z., Wang Z., Yang X, & Jiang Z. (2021). Effects of Protein Restriction and Subsequent Realimentation on Body Composition, Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles in Weaned Piglets. Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI, 11(3), 686.

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Comprehensive Nutritional Analysis of Animal Diets

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Both diet and carcass samples were analyzed in duplicate for dry matter, ash, CP, crude fat, and gross energy (GE) according to the methods of AOAC [20] . The CP content was estimated by multiplying the total N content determined using a Kjeltec 8400 analyzer (FOSS Analytical AB, höganäs, Sweden) by 6.25. Crude fat was determined using an automatic extractor analyzer (XT 15i, Ankom Technology Co., Macedon, NY) and gross energy was measured using a bomb calorimeter (6400, Parr Instrument Co., Moline, IL). Two samples of each diet were hydrolyzed with 6 mol/L HCl at 110 °C for 24 h, and AA (other than tryptophan) were determined using ion-exchange chromatography with an automatic amino acid analyzer (L-8900, Hitachi Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).

Hou L., Wang L., Zhu C., Wen X., Xiao H., Wu Q., Lin Z., Wang Z., Qiu Y., Yang X., Gao K., & Jiang Z. (2020). Effects of Protein Supply on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Tissue Deposition for Piglets Fed Diets With or Without Antibiotics.

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Comprehensive Nutrient Analysis Protocol

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Samples were analyzed for their contents of N (AOAC, 1990, method 984.13; Kjeltec 8400 Analyzer; Foss Analytical AB); NDF and ADF (equipment from Ankom Technology), using α-amylase and sodium sulfite for NDF according to Van Soest et al. (1991) (link); Ca (AOAC, 1990, method 935.13); P (AOAC, 1990, method 964.06); and ether extracts (AOAC, 1990, method 996.06). Samples were dried at 550°C for 3 h for ash determination.

Shpirer J., Livshits L., Kamer H., Alon T., Portnik Y, & Moallem U. (2023). The form more than the fatty acid profile of fat supplements influences digestibility but not necessarily the production performance of dairy cows. Journal of dairy science, 106(4).

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Comprehensive Cheese Quality Analysis

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Water activity (a_W) was measured directly using an Aqualab CX-2 dew-point hygrometer (Decagon Devices Inc., Pullman, USA). For pH measurement, ground cheese (10 g) was macerated with 50 mL of distilled water, and the pH of the resultant slurry was measured using an electrode Ag/AgCl (Crison pH 52–21) at 20 °C. Dry matter (DM) was analyzed according to the standards of the International Dairy Federation (ISO 5534:2004/IDF 4:2004) [11 ]. Total fat content was determined by the gravimetric method (ISO1735:2004/IDF 005) [12 ] in a Soxtec Avanti 2055 (Foss Tecator, Höganäs, Sweden) and drying in an oven (Memmert, Schwabach, Germany). Total nitrogen (TN) was determined by the Kjeldahl method (ISO 8961-1) [13 ] using a Kjeltec 8400 Analyzer (Foss Analytical, Höganäs, Sweden). Total protein content was calculated as TN multiplied by 6.38. Salt content (NaCl) was determined using an automatic titrator 848 Titrino Plus (Metrohm, Herisau, Switzerland) according to ISO 5943:2006/IDF 088 [14 ]. The method is based on potentiometric titration of chloride ions with a solution of silver nitrate (0.1 mol/L) and using the conversion factor 58.4 to calculate the concentration of sodium chloride in g NaCl/100 g DM. All analyses were performed in duplicate.

Estrada O., Ariño A, & Juan T. (2019). Salt Distribution in Raw Sheep Milk Cheese during Ripening and the Effect on Proteolysis and Lipolysis. Foods, 8(3), 100.

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Quantifying Shoot Nitrogen Content

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To measure shoot N content, oven‐dried leaf samples were milled. Then 0.8–1.2 g milled samples and 1.9 g catalyzer (K₂SO₄/CuSO₄/Se = 100:10:1) were added into a digestion tube, and digested with 5 mL sulfuric acid at 365 °C for 60 min until the solution was translucent. After cooling to room temperature, N content (in mg g⁻¹ dry weight) was determined by the standard macro‐Kjeldahl procedure using Kjeltec 8400 analyzer (Foss Tecator AB, Hoganan, Sweden).

Wang H., Wu Y., An T, & Chen Y. (2022). Lateral root elongation enhances nitrogen‐use efficiency in maize genotypes at the seedling stage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 102(12), 5389-5398.

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Digestibility Analysis of Dietary Nutrients

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The collected ileal digesta samples were freeze-dried (Vacuum freeze dryer; SFDTS10K, Samwon Freezing Engineering Co., Busan, Korea). All experimental diets and freeze-dried ileal digesta samples were ground using the Foss Cyclotec mill (CT 293 Cyclotec, Foss, Eden Prairie, MN) and a coffee grinder (KWG-150, He Shan Co., Ltd., Guangdong, China), respectively. The diets and ileal digesta samples were analyzed for DM (method 930.01; AOAC, 2016 ) using a forced air-drying oven, CP (method 984.13; AOAC, 2016 ) using the Kjeldahl method (Kjeltec 8400 analyzer, Foss Tecator AB, Höganäs, Sweden), and AA (method 982.30 E [a, b]; AOAC, 2016 ). Chromium concentrations in the experimental diets and ileal digesta samples were determined using the method reported by Fenton and Fenton (1979) . The AID, BEL, and SID of CP and AA were calculated using the following equations (Kong and Adeola, 2014 (link)):

AID (%) = [1 - (\frac{C r_{i}}{C r_{o}}) \times (\frac{C P o o r A A_{o}}{C P_{i} o r A A_{i}})] \times 100

BEL (mg / kg DM intake) = (\frac{C r_{i}}{C r_{o}}) \times A A_{o}

SID (%) = AID + (\frac{BEL}{C P_{i} o r A A_{i}}) \times 100

where CP_i or AA_i and CP_o or AA_o represent the CP or AA concentration (% DM) in the diet and ileal digesta samples, respectively; Cr_i and Cr_o represent the chromium concentration (% DM) in the diet and ileal digesta samples, respectively. The AID, BEL, and SID of AA were calculated according to 8 observations from each treatment group.

An S.H, & Kong C. (2023). Influence of dietary crude protein on growth performance and apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in corn-soybean meal-based diets fed to broilers. Poultry Science, 102(4), 102505.

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Nutrient Digestibility Evaluation for Pig Diets

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All diets were given a starting dose of titanium dioxide (0.4%), which was used as an indigestible marker of nutrient apparent digestibility. In the pens, feces were collected, dried, sampled, and stored at −20 °C for analysis. All of the growing pigs’ excrement was defrosted, blended, and then baked at 65 °C for 72 h before the natural moisture was restored at room temperature for 24 h. The crude protein content was estimated by multiplying the total nitrogen content measured by the Kjeltec 8400 analyzer (FOSS Analytical AB, Höganäs, Sweden) by a coefficient of 6.25. The crude fat content was measured using an automatic extraction analyzer (XT 15i, Ankom Technology, Rochester, NY, USA). The total energy content in the diet was determined by an oxygen bomb calorimeter (6400, Parr Instrument, Moline, IL, USA) according to the international standard ISO 9831:1998 [14 ] method. Nutrient apparent digestibility was calculated as follows: apparent nutrient digestibility (%) = [1 − (TiO₂ content in the dietary/TiO₂ content in the fecal sample) × (nutrient content in the fecal sample/nutrient content in the dietary)] × 100 [13 (link)]. The nutrient values of rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, and sunflower seed meal were measured according to the methods above.

Zhan X., Hou L., He Z., Cao S., Wen X., Liu S., Li Y., Chen S., Zheng H., Deng D., Gao K., Yang X., Jiang Z, & Wang L. (2024). Effect of Miscellaneous Meals Replacing Soybean Meal in Feed on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters, and Microbiota Composition of 25–50 kg Growing Pigs. Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI, 14(9), 1354.

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Comprehensive Walnut Trait Evaluation

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A total of 44 agronomic traits of walnut accessions collected from China were investigated in 2016 (44 traits) and in 2019 (14 traits) (Additional file 13: Table S12), including yield formation, nut and leaf characteristics, tree and biological characteristics, and quality characteristics. Nut-related traits were measured using fully matured nuts in the laboratory. Vertical diameter, transverse diameter, lateral diameter, nut shell thickness, and hull thickness were measured using a digital caliper or spiral micrometer (Additional file 17: Supplementary Note). Protein content was measured with the Kjeltec 8400 Analyzer (Foss, Sweden) according to the user manual. The fatty acid composition was determined by a 7890A gas chromatogram (Agilent Technologies) according to a previous report [48 (link)]. Walnut endopleura colors were categorized into different levels from light to dark. The following phenotypes were determined by visual observation: shell surface feature, nut shape, nut top shape, nut shoulder shape, nut bottom shape, suture feature, nut inner wall, nut diaphragm, kernel plumpness, nut uniformity, tree posture, number of side shoots withdrawing fruit, crown shape, leaflet shape, parietal degeneration, leaf tip shape, and leaf edge shape (Additional file 17: Supplementary Note).

Ji F., Ma Q., Zhang W., Liu J., Feng Y., Zhao P., Song X., Chen J., Zhang J., Wei X., Zhou Y., Chang Y., Zhang P., Huang X., Qiu J, & Pei D. (2021). A genome variation map provides insights into the genetics of walnut adaptation and agronomic traits. Genome Biology, 22, 300.

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