1 1 diphenyl 2 picrylhy drazyl dpph 2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid

G. lemaneiformis was purchased from Nan’ao Island (Shantou, Guangdong, China). Alkaline protease was provided by Hefei Bomei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Hefei, China). 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhy-drazyl (DPPH), 2, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and tripyridyltriazine (TPTZ) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, United States). HepG2 was provided by Chinese Academy of Sciences. DMEM medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were supported by Gibco Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity detection kit and malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kit were provided by Beijing Solarbio Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).

Ethyl acetate (EA, extra pure grade), dichloromethane (DCM, extra pure grade), methanol (MeOH, extra pure grade), hexanes (extra pure grade) and butanol (extra pure grade) were purchased from Duksan pure chemicals Co. (Ansan, Korea). Acetonitrile (reagent grade), water (reagent grade) and methanol (reagent grade) were purchased from J.T.Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Acetone-d6 (deuteration degree min. 99.9%) and dimethyl sulfoxide- d₆ (deuteration degree min. 99.8%) for NMR spectroscopy were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and diammonium salt (ABTS+) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA).

The rapeseed meal was provided by Olead (Pessac, Bordeaux, France). Sinapine standard was purchased from ChemScience (JJ08852, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). Sinapic acid and formic acid (FA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pellets were purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). Chlorohydric acid (HCl) 37% was from CarloErba (Val-de-Reuil, France). Acetonitrile (ACN) solution was provided by Biosolve BV (Valkensward, Netherlands). Absolute ethanol (EtOH) was purchased from DASIT (Paris, France). All solvents and chemical reagents used in this study were analytical and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), potassium persulfate, and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Five macroporous resins (XAD7, XAD4, XAD16, XAD1180, and HP20) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The characteristics of these macroporous resins are shown in Table 7.