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Soluble s cd14

Manufactured by R&D Systems
Sourced in Germany

Soluble (s)CD14 is a protein that functions as a pattern recognition receptor. It binds to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and facilitates its interaction with the CD14/TLR4/MD-2 receptor complex.

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5 protocols using soluble s cd14

1

Biomarker Analysis in Fasting Participants

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Individuals had been fasting (12 hours) before their visit. Blood samples were retrieved and processed at a single center and stored at –80°C until use. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 (Bender Medsystems, Burlingame, CA, USA), resistin, and soluble(s)CD14 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP) was measured by immononephelometry on an IMMAGE analyzer (Beckman-Coulter, Miami, FL, USA). Plasma D-dimer was measured by enzyme-linked fluorescent assay on a VIDAS analyzer (Biomérieux, Marcy-l’Etoile, France). Inducible protein (IP)–10, fractalkine, Monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)–1, E-selectin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α were quantified from plasma using the BD Cytometric Bead Array system (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).
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2

Measuring Gut Inflammation Biomarkers

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Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to measure fecal and serum calprotectin, fecal and serum zonulin, serum diamine oxidase (Immundiagnostic AG, Bensheim, Germany), soluble (s)CD14 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA), and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) (Hycult biotech, Uden, The Netherlands). All assays were performed according to manufacturers’ instructions. Bacterial products (endotoxin, peptidoglycan and bacterial DNA) were detected in serum using HEK-Blue hTLR4, HEK-Blue hNOD2 and HEK-Blue hTLR9 reporter cells (Invivogen, Toulouse, France), respectively as published previously [23 (link)].
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3

Gut Barrier and Microbial Products Assessment

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Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to measure fecal and serum calprotectin, fecal and serum zonulin, serum diamine oxidase (Immundiagnostik AG, Bensheim, Germany), soluble (s)CD14 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA), and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) (Hycult Biotech, Uden, The Netherlands). All assays were performed according to manufacturers’ instructions.
For the lactulose/mannitol/sucrose test, after overnight fasting, the study participants drank a solution of 100 ml water containing 10g lactulose, 5g D-mannitol and 20g sucrose. Urine is collected over 5 hours. After 2 hours consumption of water is allowed. Sugar recovery in urine test was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy as published previously [12 (link)].
Bacterial products (endotoxin, peptidoglycan and bacterial DNA) were detected in serum using HEK-Blue hTLR4, HEK-Blue hNOD2 and HEK-Blue hTLR9 reporter cells (Invivogen, Toulouse, France), respectively as published previously [12 (link)].
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4

Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction Biomarkers

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Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to measure fecal and serum calprotectin, fecal and serum zonulin, serum diamine oxidase (Immundiagnostic AG, Bensheim, Germany), soluble (s)CD14 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA), and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) (Hycult biotech, Uden, The Netherlands). All assays were performed according to manufacturers' instructions. Bacterial products (endotoxin, peptidoglycan and bacterial DNA) were detected in serum using HEK-Blue hTLR4, HEK-Blue hNOD2 and HEK-Blue hTLR9 reporter cells (Invivogen, Toulouse, France), respectively as published previously [23] .
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5

Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction Biomarkers

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Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to measure fecal and serum calprotectin, fecal and serum zonulin, serum diamine oxidase (Immundiagnostic AG, Bensheim, Germany), soluble (s)CD14 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA), and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) (Hycult biotech, Uden, The Netherlands). All assays were performed according to manufacturers' instructions. Bacterial products (endotoxin, peptidoglycan and bacterial DNA) were detected in serum using HEK-Blue hTLR4, HEK-Blue hNOD2 and HEK-Blue hTLR9 reporter cells (Invivogen, Toulouse, France), respectively as published previously [23] .
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