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37 protocols using bio plex platform

1

Cytokine Profiling in TB-IRIS Patients

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The plasma concentrations of 18 cytokines and chemokines were measured in 33 TB-IRIS and 30 non-IRIS patients in week 0 and week 2 samples. TNF-α, IFN-γ, IFN-α2 and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12p40 were quantified on the Bio-Plex platform (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA), using customized Milliplex kits (HCYTMAG-60 K, Merck Millipore, Germany). The concentration of IL-1α was measured by enzyme-linked immunorsorbent assay (eBioscience, San Diego, CA).
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2

Multiplex Cytokine Profiling in Serum and Saliva

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The levels of 10 host markers were evaluated in serum and saliva samples for all study participants using a 10 plex customized kit from Bio-rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA) on the Bio-Plex platform (Bio Rad). These included interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL) -2, 5, 6, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G- CSF), granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and β, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). As recommended by the manufacturer, the serum and saliva samples were diluted 1:4. Samples from one study participant were tested on the same plate. The Bio Plex Manager software, version 6.1 was used for bead acquisition and analysis of median fluorescent intensity.
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3

Multiplex Immune Protein Profiling

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The preconfigured multiplex Human Immune Monitoring 65-plex ProcartaPlex immunoassay kit (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, UK) was used to measure 65 protein targets in plasma on the Bio-Plex platform (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA), using Luminex xMAP technology. Analytes measured included APRIL; BAFF; BLC; CD30; CD40L; ENA-78; Eotaxin; Eotaxin-2; Eotaxin-3; FGF-2; Fractalkine; G-CSF; GM-CSF; Gro-Alpha; HGF; IFN-Alpha; IFN-gamma; IL-10; IL-12p70; IL-13; IL-15; IL-16; IL-17A; IL-18; IL-1Alpha; IL-1Beta; IL-2; IL-20; IL-21; IL-22; IL-23; IL-27; IL-2R; IL-3; IL-31; IL-4; IL-5; IL-6; IL-7; IL-8; IL-9; IP-10; I-TAC; LIF; MCP-1; MCP-2; MCP-3; M-CSF; MDC; MIF; MIG; MIP-1Alpha; MIP-1Beta; MIP-3Alpha; MMP-1; NGF-Beta; SCF; SDF-1Alpha; TNF-Beta; TNF-Alpha; TNF-R2; TRAIL; TSLP; TWEAK; VEGF-A. All assays were conducted as per the manufacturer’s recommendation.
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4

NICHE-Mediated Localized Immunosuppression

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F344 rats (n = 4) were implanted with 2 NICHE (1 in each flank), loaded with 5 × 105 BM-MSCs and vascularized for 6 weeks. For each rat, one NICHE drug reservoir was loaded with 9 mg CTLA4Ig (30 mg/mL) and 0.6 mg ALS (2 mg/mL) for local Immunosuppressant (IS) release NICHE. The contralateral NICHE drug reservoir was loaded with saline and served as a control. Two weeks later, NICHE were harvested and processed for histology and VEGF quantification. For functional blood vessel staining, following pressure-cooker-based epitope retrieval, sections were stained with primary antibodies CD31 (NB100-2284, Novus Biologicals, 1:200), VE Cadherin (36-1900, Invitrogen, 1:25), and eNOS (ab300071, Abcam, 1:50). Anti-rabbit Alexa Flour 555 (A-21428, Invitrogen, 1:200) was used as secondary antibody. Imaging was performed using a Nikon Eclipse TE300 Fluorescent Microscope in the FL2 channel (585 ± 20 nm). Fluorescence intensity was measured by 2 independent observers using the NIS-Elements Basic Research software. VEGF was quantified from tissue lysate using Bio-Plex Pro Rat Cytokine VEGF Set (#171L1026M) magnetic bead-based assay (Bio-Rad Laboratories) on the Bio-plex platform (Bio-Rad), according to manufacturer’s instructions.
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5

Urinary Cytokine Quantification

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Urine levels of mature IL-1β were assayed on the BioPlex platform (BioRad, Luminex Technology, Hercules, CA). Creatinine was assayed using the Urinary Creatinine Kit from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). Cytokine levels were adjusted for creatinine and reported as pg cytokine/mg creatinine.
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6

Cytokine Profiling in Rat Sera

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The levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐1α, interleukin (IL)‐4, interleukin (IL)‐10, and interleukin (IL)‐18 were measured in sera from all rats. This was performed using a Bio‐Plex Pro™ magnetic bead‐based assays (Bio‐Rad, RRID: AB_2857368; https://scicrunch.org/resolver/RRID:AB_2857368) on the Bio‐Plex® platform (Bio‐Rad) according to the manufacturer's instruction. Following optimization, samples were evaluated undiluted in a blinded manner. Bio‐Plex Manager™ software, version 6.0 was used for bead acquisition and analysis. The lower limit of sensitivity was 3 pg/ml, 1 pg/ml, 1 pg/ml, 5 pg/ml, and 4 pg/ml for TNF‐α, IL‐1α, IL‐4, IL‐10, and IL‐18, respectively.
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7

Multiplex Cytokine Profiling from Serum

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The evaluation of the various cytokine levels was performed on triplicate serum samples by using multiplex technology. The samples were removed from −80°C and allowed to thaw at room temperature prior to the assay. The analysis of cytokine levels was achieved by using the Bio-Plex Pro™ Reagent kit in 1 × 96-well flat-bottomed plate, Cat. #171-304070M (USA). The assays were performed in accordance with the product protocol manual (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and the Bio-Plex platform (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) was used to read the plate.
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8

Quantification of Cytokine and Chemokine Profile

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The concentration of chemokines and cytokines in CD14+ culture supernatants was quantified by immuno-fluorescence assay using the Multiplex Kit panel I and II (Millipore UK) on a Bio-Plex platform (Bio-Rad). The plates were designed to measure TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, CCL5/RANTES, CCL7/MCP-3, CCL8/MCP-2, CCL13/MCP4, CCL17/TARC, CCL19/MIP-3β, CCL20/MIP-3α, CCL21/6CKINE, CCL22/MDC, CXCL1/GRO, CXCL5/ENA-78, CXCL7/NAP-2, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, CXCL11/I-TAC, CXCL12/SDF-1, CX3CL1/Fractalkine, lymphotactin and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA).
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9

Multiplexed Analysis of Biomarkers

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Mediators analysed in undiluted plasma (P), pericardial fluid (PF) and saliva (S) samples included IFN-gamma, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, TNF, CXCL8 (IL-8) and CXCL10 (IP-10), using customized Milliplex™ kits (HCYTOMAG-60 K, Millipore, St Charles, MO, USA) on the Bio-Plex platform (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) as described [8] (link). Caspases 3, 8 and 9 in undiluted pericardial fluid and plasma were measured using human in vitro ELISA kits from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), following the manufacturer's recommendations.
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10

Multiplex Assay of QFT Plasma

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QFT plasma samples from unstimulated (Nil) and TB-specific, antigen-stimulated (Ag) tubes were stored at -80oC until batched analyses for the analytes listed in Supplementary Table 1. Undiluted (Ag and Nil) QFT plasma samples were assayed on 11 plates using customized MilliplexTM kits (Millipore, St Charles, MO) on the Bio-Plex platform (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA). The upper limit of detection for all analytes was 10 000 pg/ml, while the mean lower limit of detection from the 11 plates was as follows (all in pg/ml): epidermal growth factor (EGF), 8; IFN-α2, 6; interleukin (IL)-1α, 3; C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), 10; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 3, 7; CCL4, 3; soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), 16; transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), 3; tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, 3; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 205; IFN-γ, 3; IL-2, 3; and IL-10, 3.
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