Acarbose

Quercetin was purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). 2,2’-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, tyrosinase, gallic acid, α-glucosidase, 2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), bovine serum albumin, and Trolox were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium peroxodisulfate, sodium carbonate, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate were purchased from SHOWA Chemical Co. Ltd. (Chuo-ku, Japan). Ferric chloride (FeCl₃), p-nitro-phenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), and aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) were obtained from Alfa Aesar (Lancashire, UK). 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), and phenazine methosulphate (PMS) were supplied by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Potassium acetate, acarbose, sodium acetate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) were acquired from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Arbutin was purchased from AK Scientific. Acetic acid was supplied by Avantor Performance Materials, LLC. (Radnor, PA, USA).

3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid, potassium sodium tartrate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA), amylose (from potato starch), and 2-chloro-4 nitrophenyl α-D-maltotrioside (CNPG3), as well as quercetin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, and cyanidin, were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd., Dorset, UK. Oasis MAX cartridges 1 mL (30 mg) were purchased from Waters Corporation Ltd., Milford, MA, USA. Acarbose was purchased from Acros Organics (Fisher Scientific Ltd., Loughborough, UK). Blueberry, cherry, and pomegranate (100% fruit concentrate) were kindly provided by Active Edge Nutrition Ltd., Hounslow, UK, and hibiscus concentrate was kindly donated by IBIS Organics, Carlisle, UK. Blackcurrant (purified anthocyanin extract, >95% purity) was kindly provided by Keracol, University of Leeds [29 (link)]. cyanidin-3-O-galactospyranoside was kindly donated by Biolink Group, Sandnes, Norway.
Crude and purified anthocyanin-containing samples of mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.) and black carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) were prepared at ISPA-CNR, Italy, as previously described [40 (link)].

Grounded F. vesiculosus samples from July 2017 were purchased from Algaplus Lda (production site located at Ria de Aveiro coastal lagoon, Northern Portugal, 40°36′43″ N, 8°40′43″ W) an enterprise dedicated to the production of edible seaweeds in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system. HPLC grade acetone, ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide, hydrochloric acid, glacial acetic acid, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium and potassium tartarate, tris-HCl, and starch were acquired from Fisher (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). The enzymes α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (EC No. – 3.2.1.20), α-amylase from porcine pancreas (EC No. – 3.2.1.1) and lipase from porcine pancreas (EC No. – 3.1.1.3) together with 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (DMBA), 4-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG), 4-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB) and formic acid were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium di-hydrogen phosphate and potassium di-hydrogen phosphate were acquired from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Dinitrosalycilic acid and Acarbose were purchased from Acros Organics (Hampton, NH, USA), calcium chloride from ChemLab (Eernegem, Belgium) and orlistat from AlfaAesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). All reagents were of analytical grade or of the highest available purity.