Animals. Four-week-old female Wistar rats (Japan SLC, Shizuoka, Japan) were housed in a controlled environment (temperature 23 ± 2°C, humidity 40 ± 20%) with a 12-h light/dark cycle. Rats were allowed ad libitum access to tap water and standard food (CE-2; Clea Japan, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) containing 1.14% calcium, 1.06% phosphorus, and 250 IU vitamin D3 per 100 g. Experimental design. General anesthesia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of xylazine hydrochloride (Sederac; Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co. Ltd., Fukushima, Japan) and ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar; Daiichi Sankyo Propharma, Tokyo, Japan).
Ketalar
Manufactured by Daiichi Sankyo
Sourced in Japan
Ketalar is a parenteral anesthetic agent indicated for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. It contains the active ingredient ketamine hydrochloride. Ketalar is available in the form of a sterile injectable solution.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Selactar, by Bayer (7 mentions)
Celactal, by Bayer (5 mentions)
Ketamine hydrochloride, by Daiichi Sankyo (4 mentions)
Guaifenesin, by Bayer (2 mentions)
Celactar, by Bayer (2 mentions)
Domitor, by Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo (2 mentions)
Chiralpak ia, by Daicel (2 mentions)
Seractal, by Bayer (2 mentions)
Peeso reamer 1, by Mani (2 mentions)
K file, by Mani (2 mentions)
Xylocaine cartridge, by Dentsply (2 mentions)
2 3 dioxo 6 nitro 1 2 3 4 tetrahydrobenzo f quinoxaline 7 sulfonamide nbqx, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
N hexane dichloromethane diethylamine 75 25 0.1, by Daicel (1 mentions)
Oxybuprocaine, by Santen (1 mentions)
Levofloxacin hydrate, by Santen (1 mentions)
Rh 795, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Cisplatin, by Nippon Kayaku (1 mentions)
Xylazine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isoflurane, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Rompun, by Bayer (1 mentions)
41 protocols using ketalar
1
Anesthesia Protocol for Wistar Rats
2
Equine General Anesthesia Protocols
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Horses underwent general anesthesia in both radiographic myelography and CT myelography.
An indwelling intravascular catheter was placed into the jugular vein. All horses were
premedicated intravenously with 5 µg/kg of medetomidine hydrochloride (Domitor, Nippon
Zenyaku Kogyo, Tokyo, Japan), and anesthesia was induced using the intravenous
administrations of 0.03 µg/kg of midazolam (Dormicum, Maruishi Pharmaceutical, Osaka,
Japan) and 4 mg/kg of thiamylal (Isozol, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical, Toyama, Japan).
Guaifenesin (25 mg/kg, Guaifenesin, Shinyo Pure Chemicals, Osaka, Japan) was rapidly
infused until the horse became ataxic and conducted intratracheal intubation. Anesthesia
was subsequently maintained using a triple drip mixture of Guaifenesin (200 mg/kg/hr),
xylazine (1 mg/kg/hr, Celactar, Bayer, Tokyo, Japan) and ketamine (2 mg/kg/hr, Ketalar,
Daiichi-Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan).
An indwelling intravascular catheter was placed into the jugular vein. All horses were
premedicated intravenously with 5 µg/kg of medetomidine hydrochloride (Domitor, Nippon
Zenyaku Kogyo, Tokyo, Japan), and anesthesia was induced using the intravenous
administrations of 0.03 µg/kg of midazolam (Dormicum, Maruishi Pharmaceutical, Osaka,
Japan) and 4 mg/kg of thiamylal (Isozol, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical, Toyama, Japan).
Guaifenesin (25 mg/kg, Guaifenesin, Shinyo Pure Chemicals, Osaka, Japan) was rapidly
infused until the horse became ataxic and conducted intratracheal intubation. Anesthesia
was subsequently maintained using a triple drip mixture of Guaifenesin (200 mg/kg/hr),
xylazine (1 mg/kg/hr, Celactar, Bayer, Tokyo, Japan) and ketamine (2 mg/kg/hr, Ketalar,
Daiichi-Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan).
3
Anesthetic Protocol for Rabbit Studies
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All procedures performed in studies involving animals were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of practice of the institution where the studies were conducted. Our study protocol was approved by the Animal Experimentation Committee of our institute, and all experiments were performed according to its Animal Care Guidelines. We used 20 female Japanese white rabbits (age: 14–16 weeks, body weight: 2.87 ± 0.12 kg), which were bred without any special feed carried from the animal breeding company (KITAYAMA LABES CO., LTD, Nagano, Japan) in this study. The diet was not restricted before procedure. General anesthesia was administrated intramuscularly to each rabbit using a combination of ketamine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg body weight; Ketalar, Daiichi Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan) and dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (0.1 mg/kg body weight; Domitor, Zenoac, Fukushima, Japan). Their extremities were bound to a board while they were in a supine position. The temperature in the experimental room was maintained at 25°C using an air conditioner, even though the body temperature of rabbits was not measured during the procedure.
4
In Vivo Ectopic Bone Formation Assessment
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Twenty-four nude mice (5-week-old, male) were used for the assessment of in vivo ectopic bone formation. Ketamine hydrochloride (0.1 mg/kg body weight, Ketalar® 50 mg/mL; Daiichi Sankyo Propharma Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and xylazine hydrochloride (0.01 mg/kg body weight, Skill pen® 20mg/mL; Interbet Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), diluted with 0.9% NaCl, were used as anesthetics for general anesthesia. Each mouse had two vertical incisions on either side of the back skin. A mouse received one CGF membrane and one CGF/rhBMP-2 membrane. The management of post-operative pain included subcutaneous administration of buprenorphine. The health and behavior of the animals was monitored twice a week in the first week and once a week thereafter. Mice were euthanized with an overdose of anesthesia and cervical dislocation, and the specimens were harvested at 7, 10, and 14 days after the graft.
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Ketamine Stereoisomers
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R-ketamine hydrochloride and S-ketamine hydrochloride were prepared by recrystallization of RS-ketamine (Ketalar, ketamine hydrochloride, Daiichi Sankyo Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan) and d -(−)-tartaric acid (or l - (+)-tartaric acid), as described previously.34 The purity of these stereoisomers was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography (CHIRALPAK IA, column size: 250 × 4.6 mm, mobile phase: n-hexane/dichloromethane/diethylamine (75/25/0.1), Daicel, Tokyo, Japan). NBQX, 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (catalog number: 0373, Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK, 10 mg kg−1) was dissolved in saline. ANA-12, N2-(2-{[(2-oxoazepan-3-yl) amino]carbonyl}phenyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide (catalog number: BTB06525SC, Maybridge, Trevillett Tintagel, Cornwall, UK, 0.5 mg kg−1) was prepared in vehicle of 1% dimethylsulfoxide in phosphate-buffered saline. The dose of ketamine, NBQX and ANA-12 was selected as reported previously.34 , 35 , 36 (link), 37 (link), 38 (link), 39 (link), 40 (link) Other reagents were purchased commercially.
6
Rabbit Vitrectomy and AS-OCT Imaging
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Experiments were conducted according to the guidelines of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research and approved by the Animal Use Committee of Fukui University. Sixteen female Japanese white rabbits (2.0-3.0 kg, 12-15 weeks old) were anaesthetized with an intramuscular injection of ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar; 25 mg/kg body weight; Daiichi Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan) and xylazine hydrochloride (Celactal; 10 mg/kg body weight; Bayer Medical, Leverkeusen, Germany) for vitrectomy surgery and AS-OCT imaging.
7
Ophthalmic Drug Procurement for Animal Studies
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Colchicine was purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Inc (Kyoto, Japan). Mitomycin C (MMC; 2-mg injection) was purchased from Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar for intramuscular injection; 500 mg) was purchased from Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Xylazine hydrochloride (Selactar for injection; 2%) was purchased from Bayer Yakuhin Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). A 0.01% ophthalmic solution of betamethasone sodium phosphate was purchased from Shionogi Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). A 0.5% ophthalmic solution of levofloxacin hydrate and a 0.4% ophthalmic solution of oxybuprocaine were supplied by Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan).
8
Anesthetic Protocol for Lewis Rat Study
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A total of 240 Lewis rats ranging from 4 weeks of age to 40 weeks of age were used. The study protocol was approved by the local ethical committee of Hokkaido University. The animals had free access to food and water throughout the study. For anesthesia, a mixture of ketamine (100 mg/kg, KETALAR®, Daiichi Sankyo Propharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and medetomidine (0.5 mg/kg, DOMITOR®, Orion Corporation, Espoo, Finland) was administered via intraperitoneal injection. Total body length from muzzle to tail, and body weight were measured under anesthesia.
9
Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging of Auditory Cortex
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Imaging was conducted from both hemispheres. After completion of imaging from one hemisphere, the second craniotomy was started for the other hemisphere. Animals were initially anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and xylazine (i.m., 80 mg/kg, Ketalar, Daiichi-Sankyo, and 25 mg/kg, Selactar, Bayer Yakuhin, respectively), placed under a measuring microscope in a soundproof room, and artificially ventilated after injection of the muscle relaxant pancuronium bromide (i.m., 1 mg/kg, Myoblock, MSD). The auditory cortex exposed by craniotomy was stained with the voltage-sensitive dye RH795 (Invitrogen) for 60–90 min. Heart rate and body temperature were continuously monitored. A supplemental dose of anesthetics (25 mg/kg Ketalar and 10 mg/kg Selactar) and the muscle relaxant (1 mg/kg Myoblock) was administered every 60–120 min. Animals were euthanized with pentobarbital (i.p., 60 mg/kg, Somnopentyl, Abbott) or ketamine (intracardiac, 160 mg/kg) after completion of the experiment.
10
Cisplatin and Ketamine Hydrochloride Sources
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