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6 protocols using molecular analyst image analysis software

1

Western Blot Analysis of COX-1, COX-2, and PLIN2

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For the analysis of COX-1, COX-2, and PLIN2 protein content, whole cell extracts were obtained by lysing the cell pellets with 80 mL of sample buffer (0.5 M Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 20% SDS, 1% glycerol, 1 M β-mercaptoethanol, 0.1% bromophenol blue) and then boiled for 10 min at 100°C. Samples were resolved by electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) on a 10% separation gel overlaid with a 5% stacking gel. After that, proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, UK) using a Mini Trans-Blot® (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, CA, USA), and the membranes were blocked for 1 h with 5% nonfat dry milk in TTBS (20 mM Tris, 100 mM NaCl and 0.5% Tween 20). Membranes were then incubated with a primary rabbit antibody against COX-1 or COX-2 or PLIN2 (Abcam, San Francisco, USA) overnight at 4°C or with β-actin (Sigma, San Louis, USA) for 1 h at room temperature. They were then washed and incubated with the appropriate horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (1 : 1000 dilution, 1 h, at room temperature). Detection was by the enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) method according to the manufacturer's instructions (GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, UK).
Band densities were quantified with a GS 800 Densitometer (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, CA) using Molecular Analyst® image analysis software (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, CA).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of HO-1 and ERK Proteins

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Tissue samples were homogenized in lysis buffer solution containing 13.2 mmol/L Tris-HCl, 5.5% glycerol, 0.44% SDS, and 10% β-mercaptoethanol. An equal amount of extracted soluble protein (50 μg) was fractionated by Tris-glycine-SDS-polyacrylamide gel (12%) electrophoresis. Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane (Bio-Rad) with a Bio-Rad transblot apparatus [26 (link)]. Blots were briefly washed with 1× Tris-buffered saline (TBS; 200mM Tris and 1.5MNaCl) and then incubated overnight at 25°C with rabbit anti-HO-1 antibody (ABcam, USA), rabbit anti-ERK antibody (ABcam, USA), and rabbit anti-pERK antibody (ABcam, USA). Beta-actin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used as a loading control. Blots were washed with TBS-0.05% Tween 20 and incubated for 2 h at 37°C with goat anti-rabbit IgG (Caltag Laboratories, San Francisco, CA). The antigen-antibody signal was visualized as previously described [27 (link)] and quantification was performed by densitometry (Molecular Analyst Image-analysis Software, Bio-Rad). The HO-1 and ERK1/2 protein concentrations were normalized by Beta-actin. The IOD ratio between HO-1 and Beta-actin was calculated and used as the expression of HO-1, while the IOD ratio between ERK1/2 and Beta-actin was calculated and used as the expression of ERK1/2.
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3

Analyzing Protein Expressions in Lung Samples

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The protein expressions of HO-1 and Mfn1 of the left upper lung samples after 6 h were analyzed by Western blot. The proteins were extracted according to the instructions of the total protein and nuclear protein extraction kit (Thermo, USA), and the protein concentrations were detected using a BCA protein assay kit (Thermo, USA). Equal amounts of protein were fractionated using a 12% SDS-PAGE gel and were then transferred to a PVDF membrane (Millipore, USA). Blots were washed in triplicate for 5 min in TBS and were then incubated overnight at 4 °C with polyclonal rat antibodies against HO-1 (1:250, Abcam, UK) and Mfn1 (1:200, Santa, CA). Primary antibodies were diluted in a blocking solution containing 1% nonfat milk plus 0.5% BSA in TBS-0.05% Tween 20. After three washes with TBS-0.05% Tween 20, the blots were incubated at 37 °C for 1 h with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:3000 dilution, Beijing Kang-century Biotechnology Co, China). The blots were visualized with enhanced chemiluminesence (Bio-Rad, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and the relative densities of the bands were quantified by densitometry (Molecular Analyst Image-analysis Software, Bio-Rad, USA).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Nrf2, HO-1 in Hippocampus

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The expression of Nrf2 nucleoprotein, total protein, and HO-1 in the hippocampal tissue was assayed with the Western blotting technique8 (link). The hippocampus tissues were obtained 24 h after operation and stored at – 80 °C. Protein extraction was performed by following the instructions of the total protein and nuclear protein extraction kit (Thermo, USA), and protein quantification was conducted with a BCA Protein Assay kit (Solaibo, China). The protein samples were divided in equal amounts using the sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. After 30 μg protein was added to the gel, the membranes were blocked with 5% skim milk TSB buffer for 2 h before being incubated with primary antibodies (Nrf2, 1:1000; GAPDH, 1:5000; HO-1, 1:1000; PCNA, 1:5000, Sanying, Wuhan, China) overnight at 4 °C. After five washes with TBST, the membranes were incubated with goat anti-mouse secondary antibody (1:10,000, Sigma, USA) at room temperature for 2 h. The enhanced chemiluminesence (Bio-Rad, USA) was used to observe the blots following the manufacturer’s instruction, and the quantification of the band relative density was measured using the densitometry (Molecular Analyst Image-analysis Software, Bio-Rad, USA).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Lung Proteins

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The expression of HO-1, Nrf2 total protein and Nrf2 nucleoprotein of the lung samples were analyzed by Western blot technique. The tissues stored at −80°C were homogenized in 13.2 mmol/L Tris-HCl, 5.5%glycerol, 0.44%SDS and 10% β-mercaptoethanol. The proteins were extracted according to the instructions of the total protein and nuclear protein extraction kit (Thermo, USA), while the protein concentration was detected on the basis of the BCA protein assay kit (Thermo, USA). Equal amounts of soluble protein were fractionated by 12% SDS-PAGE and were transferred to a PVDF membrane (Bio-Rad, USA). Blots were washed triple for 5 min in TBS and then were incubated overnight at 4°C with polyclonal rabbit antibodies against HO-1 (1∶800, Abcam, UK) or Nrf2 (1∶300, Biorbyt, UK). Primary antibodies were diluted in blocking solution containing 1% nonfat milk plus 0.5% BSA in TBS-0.05% Tween 20. After three washes with TBS-0.05% Tween 20, blots was incubated at 37°C for 1 h with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1∶3000 dilation, Biorbyt, UK). The blots were visualized with the enhanced chemiluminesence (Bio-Rad, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instruction [26] (link), and the relative density of bands was quantified by densitometry (Molecular Analyst Image-analysis Software, Bio-Rad, USA).
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6

Quantification of Oxidative Stress Pathway Proteins

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Tissue samples were homogenized in lysis buffer solution (13.2 mmol/L Tris-HCl, 5.5% glycerol, 0.44% SDS and 10% β-mercaptoethanol). After the supernatants were collected, the protein extracts were obtained by using the total and nuclear protein isolation kit (Thermo, USA). Protein levels were detected by the Bicichoninic acid (BCA) assay kit (Thermo, USA). Equal amounts of separated protein (50μg) were fractionated by 12% SDS-PAGE and transferred to a PVDF membrane (Bio-Rad, USA). Blots were incubated overnight with at 4°C with polyclonal rabbit antibodies against phosphor(Ser 473)-specific Akt (1:300, Bioss Inc, USA), HO-1(1:800, Abcam, UK) and Nrf2 (1:300, Biorbyt, UK). Then, blots were washed triple for 10 min with TBS-0.05% Tween 20, and incubated with 1:3000 dilution of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (Biorbyt, UK) for 1h at 37°C. Antigenic detection was visualized by enhanced chemiluminesence (Bio-Rad, USA) as described by Wang et al [5 (link)], and the relative density of bands was quantified by densitometry (Molecular Analyst Image-analysis Software, Bio-Rad, USA). The densitometer values of measured proteins were normalized to β-actin used as loading controls.
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