Tecnai 12 g2 spirit biotwin

The size and morphology of the nanoparticles were viewed using SEM (FEI Quanta 200 F, FEI Company, Hillsboro, OR, USA), and TEM (Tecnai G2-12 Spirit BioTwin, FEI Company). SEM samples were mounted on a carbon adhesive tab and sputter coated (10–15 nm) with gold palladium (60/40 alloy). The images were examined using SEM at 15 kV. TEM samples were placed on a carbon-coated 200 mesh copper specimen grid (Agar Scientific Ltd, Essex, UK). In this case, one drop of nanoparticle solution was deposited on the grid, and stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid using the glow-discharged technique for 1.5 minutes. The grids were allowed to dry for 2 days at room temperature. The images were examined using a TEM at 120 kV.22 (link),34 ,36 (link)

Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra were recorded on Cary 60 UV-vis spectrometer (Agilent). Fluorescence spectra were recorded on a Cary Eclipse Fluorescence Spectrometer (Agilent). The UV-vis and fluorescence spectra of all samples were measured by using a quartz cuvette (4 mL). Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR) were recorded on a Bruker FTIR spectrometer (ALPHA Platinum-ATR). Py-P3HT NPs sample for FTIR characterization was prepared by dropping the aqueous Py-P3HT NPs solution (20μL) to the top of glass, which was repeated over times after the solvent was evaporated by dry nitrogen gas flow, the red solid power was then collected from the surface of glass and subject to testing. Dynamic light scattering and Zeta potential was tested on Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instrument). Hydrodynamic diameter (D_h) of NPs was measured by DLS at scattering angle θ of 173°. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were recorded on FEI Tecnai 12 G2 Spirit BioTWIN. Lifetime measurement was conducted at a Mini-tau lifetime spectrometer (Edinburgh Instruments). The TEM sample were prepared by dropping the Py-P3HT NP solution to the TEM gird placed on the top of a filter paper, which stand at room temperature for 1 h to fully evaporate the solvent.