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Morphine sulfate

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Morphine sulfate is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. It is used as a laboratory reagent and has various applications in research and development settings.

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Lab products found in correlation

Isotonic saline, by Baxter (1 mentions) Naltrexone, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Naloxone, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Fingolimod, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Nalmefene hydrochloride, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Lps rs, by InvivoGen (1 mentions) Oxycodone hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Buprenorphine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Methadone hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Naloxone hydrochloride dihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Fentanyl citrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

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Morphine (5 citations)

7 protocols using morphine sulfate

1

Synthesis and Comparison of Bivalent Ligands

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All bivalent ligands were synthesized as described previously (Akgün et al., 2013 ). Compounds and Morphine sulfate (Mallinckrodt Inc., Hazelwood, MO) were all dissolved in 1.0% DMSO. Homologs of MMG22 with spacer lengths of 10 and 21 atoms were compared. Fig. 1 shows the structure of MMG22.
Shueb S.S., Erb S.J., Lunzer M.M., Speltz R., Harding-Rose C., Akgün E., Simone D.A, & Portoghese P.S. (2019). Targeting MOR-mGluR5 heteromers reduces bone cancer pain by activating MOR and inhibiting mGluR5. Neuropharmacology, 160, 107690.
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2

Subcutaneous Morphine Sulfate Administration

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Morphine sulfate was purchased from Mallinckrodt (Hazelwood, MO), dissolved in 0.9% saline, and injected s.c. All drug doses are expressed as the weight of the salt.
Radke A.K., Gewirtz J.C, & Carroll M.E. (2015). Effects of age, but not sex, on elevated startle during withdrawal from acute morphine in adolescent and adult rats. Behavioural pharmacology, 26(5), 485-488.
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3

Drug Preparation and Sourcing

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Morphine sulfate was purchased from Mallinckrodt (St. Louis, MO) or provided by NIDA. Naloxone and naltrexone were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). All drugs and test compounds were dissolved in pyrogen-free isotonic saline (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) or sterile-filtered distilled/deionized water. All radioligands were purchased from PerkinElmer, Boston, MA.
Obeng S., Wang H., Jali A., Stevens D.L., Akbarali H.I., Dewey W.L., Selley D.E, & Zhang Y. (2018). Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of 6α- and 6β-Indolylacetamidonaltrexamine Derivatives as Bitopic Mu Opioid Receptor Modulators and Elaboration of the “Message-Address Concept” To Comprehend Their Functional Conversion. ACS chemical neuroscience, 10(3), 1075-1090.
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4

Comprehensive Analgesic Compound Preparation

Cited 3 times
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The functional S1PR1 antagonists FTY720 (Fingolimod, Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor MI) and TASP0277308 (TASP, Shanghai Chempartner Co., Shanghai, China) were prepared according to a previously published protocol [18 ]. FTY720 and TASP0277308 were both prepared as stocks in DMSO, for oral administration drugs were diluted to the appropriate dose in 30% DMSO in 0.5% methylcellulose; for intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections FTY720 was diluted in saline. The selective A3AR antagonist, MRS5698 ([1S,2R,3S,4R,5S)-4-(6-((3-chlorobenzyl)amino)-2-((3,4-difluorophenyl)ethynyl)-9H-purin-9-yl)-2,3-dihydroxy-N-methylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxamide]) was synthesized as described previously [39 (link)] and dissolved in saline for i.p. injections. These compounds have been previously shown to be specific for their target receptors and efficacious in male rodent pain models at the doses used in this study [18 –20 (link); 38 (link); 40 (link)]. The antidepressant, duloxetine hydrochloride, was purchased from TCI America (Portland, OR) and dissolved in DMSO as a stock solution, for i.p. injections stock was diluted in saline. Morphine sulfate was a kind gift from Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals (St. Louis MO, USA) for i.p injections Morphine sulfate was diluted in saline. All therapeutic test compounds were given 20–30 min prior to chemotherapy, except where stated herein as a reversal paradigm.
Stockstill K., Wahlman C., Braden K., Chen Z., Yosten G.L., Tosh D.K., Jacobson K.A., Doyle T.M., Samson W.K, & Salvemini D. (2020). Sexually dimorphic therapeutic response in bortezomib-induced neuropathic pain reveals altered pain physiology in female rodents. Pain, 161(1), 177-184.
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5

Morphine Sulfate and Antagonist Assay

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(-)-Morphine sulfate was a gift from Mallinckrodt, Inc. (St. Louis, MO). (-)-Nalmefene hydrochloride and D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTAP) were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, MO). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia Coli, serotype 0111:B4), M3G and H-89 were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). LPS-RS (a TLR4 competitive receptor antagonist naturally produced by Rhodobacter sphaeroides) was purchased from Invivogen (San Diego, CA). AV1013 (Cho et al., 2010 (link)) was a gift from MediciNova (San Diego, CA). Propentofylline was a gift from Solace Pharmaceuticals (Cambridge, MA). (+)-Naloxone and (+)-morphine were a gift from Dr. Kenner Rice. (-)-Morphine, (+)-morphine and M3G were dissolved in sterile 0.9% saline (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL) and stored at 4°C as stock 10 mM solutions. For in vitro experiments, (-)-morphine, (+)-morphine and M3G were further diluted in culture medium. LPS, LPS-RS, nalmefene hydrochloride, CTAP, propentofylline, and AV1013 were freshly dissolved in culture medium for use. H-89 was freshly dissolved in 1.5 % DMSO.
Grace P.M., Ramos K.M., Rodgers K.M., Wang X., Hutchinson M.R., Lewis M.T., Morgan K.N., Kroll J.L., Taylor F.R., Strand K.A., Zhang Y., Berkelhammer D., Huey M.G., Greene L.I., Cochran T.A., Yin H., Barth D.S., Johnson K.W., Rice K., Maier S.F, & Watkins L.R. (2014). Activation of adult rat CNS endothelial cells by opioid-induced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling induces proinflammatory, biochemical, morphological, and behavioral sequelae. Neuroscience, 0, 299-317.
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6

Opioid Receptor Agonist Characterization

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[D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-Enkephalin acetate salt (DAMGO), (±)-methadone hydrochloride, fentanyl citrate, buprenorphine hydrochloride, oxycodone hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride dihydrate were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO), morphine sulfate was purchased from Mallinckrodt (St. Louis, MO) and TRV130 hydrochloride was purchased from Adooq Biosciences LLC (Irvine, CA). The drugs were dissolved in physiological saline for in vivo studies except TRV130, which was dissolved in physiological saline with a final concentration of 1.5% DMSO for in vivo studies. All drugs were administered s.c. to mice in a volume of 10 ml/kg. For in vitro pGlo studies, drugs were dissolved in deionized water or 1.5% DMSO to a concentration of 10 mM and further diluted to obtain concentrations between 0.5 nm and 50 μM. No difference was found between 1.5% DMSO and deionized water. For in vitro arrestin-3 recruitment studies, all drugs were diluted in 1% DMSO with deionized water.
He L., Gooding S.W., Lewis E., Felth L.C., Gaur A, & Whistler J.L. (2021). Pharmacological and genetic manipulations at the µ-opioid receptor reveal arrestin-3 engagement limits analgesic tolerance and does not exacerbate respiratory depression in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology, 46(13), 2241-2249.
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7

Escalating Morphine Consumption in Mice

Cited 1 time
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For the 18-week oral paradigm (n=16; 53 (link)Figure 1, Figure 2C), mice had access ad libitum 5 days per week to both water and water supplemented with morphine sulfate (Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO) sweetened with 0.2% saccharin to improve palatability, where the concentration of MS was gradually escalated from 0.3 mg/mL, to 0.5 mg/mL, to a final concentration of 0.75 mg/mL during the first three weeks. Each week, mice then had 2 days where only water was available. Voluntary consumption was determined from bottle weight. Morphine treatment mice in the 9-day s.c. paradigm, received 10 mg/kg of s.c. morphine sulfate (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Michigan) in sterile 0.9% saline (Patterson Veterinary Supply, Greeley, CO) (n=36) once each day for 9 days.
Sall I., Foxall R., Felth L., Maret S., Rosa Z., Gaur A., Calawa J., Pavlik N., Whistler J.L, & Whistler C.A. (2024). Gut dysbiosis was inevitable, but tolerance was not: temporal responses of the murine microbiota that maintain its capacity for butyrate production correlate with sustained antinociception to chronic voluntary morphine. bioRxiv.
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