Formoterol

To determine the effects of formoterol on mitochondrial biogenesis, control and CBA/SIV/ART+ macaque myoblasts were seeded (60,000 cells/well) and cultured in media containing 30 nmol/L formoterol (Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) or media for 6 h. β2 receptors are expressed by myoblasts. At completion of incubation, RNA was extracted with RNeasy Mini Universal kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) for determining PGC‐1α expression. To determine formoterol effects on mtDNA copy number, control and CBA/SIV/ART+ macaque myoblasts were cultured in media containing 30 nmol/L formoterol or media for 24 h. DNA was extracted using DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit (Qiagen) and mtDNA copy number (mtDNA/Nuclear DNA: Dloop/B2M) (Jackson et al. 2012) determined. The primers are the following, Dloop Forward 5′‐CAA GAT CGC CCA CAC GTT C‐3′ and Reverse 5′‐ AAA TCT CCC GTG ACT GGT TA‐3′; B2M Forward 5′‐TGT AAG CAG CAT CAT GGA GGT ‐3′ and Reverse 5′‐TGT TCT CCA CAT AGT GAG GGT‐3′.