Tin 2 chloride dihydrate

All reagents used in the present study were of analytical reagent grade unless otherwise specified. Milli-Q water (Millipore Reagent Water System, Bedford, MA, USA) was used in all of the experiments. Dilute nitric acid, sulfuric acid, ethanol, potassium hydroxide, glucose and sodium chloride were obtained from Kanto Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan). Hydrogen peroxide, a silver nitrate solution, an ammonia solution, saccharin, tin(II) chloride dihydrate and hydrochloric acid were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). The silver powder was obtained from Nilaco (Tokyo, Japan). Tollens' reagent used for the silver-mirror reaction was prepared using a silver nitrate solution, an ammonia solution and potassium hydroxide. The silver plating solution was prepared by diluting solution 4 times with a 137 ppm saccharin solution.