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4 protocols using vector elite abc reagent

1

Immunohistochemistry of Orexin Receptors in Rat Heart

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Whole heart tissue sections from adult rats (n=3) were cut at 3 μm. Endogenous peroxidase was blocked by incubating sections in a 1.5% H2O2 solution for 20 min. The detection system used was an immunoperoxidase-based system (Vector Universal Elite ABC kit) with a diaminobenzidine tetrahydrachloride visualisation agent. Sections were incubated with primary antibody (OX1R, OX2R, OR-A and OR-B) for 60 min at room temperature. Sections were then washed for 2 × 5 min in buffer. Secondary biotinylated antibody was applied for 30 min at room temperature. The avidin–biotin complex solution was then applied to the sections and incubated for 30 min at room temperature (Vector Elite ABC reagent). DAB solution was prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions and applied to the sections for 5 min. Sections were then dehydrated, cleared and mounted.
For controls, rat spleen, testes (positive controls) and thymus (negative control) were stained using paraffin-embedded tissues from US Biomax (#RA162, MD, U.S.A.). Furthermore, we have repeated the OR-A staining on rat heart array (#TR031; US Biomax MD, U.S.A.).
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Bone Samples

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Samples removed for histology were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, decalcified in Tris buffer containing 10% EDTA and embedded in paraffin. Sections (5 mm thick) were stained with 0.1% toluidine blue using standard procedures. Immunolocalization was performed as described (Retting et al., 2009 (link); Lowery et al., 2010 (link)). Briefly, sections were digested with trypsin (1% in PBS) for 10 min at 37°C and then boiled for 15 min in citrate buffer (Ivkovic et al., 2003 (link)). Sections were blocked with 5% goat serum for 1 hr and incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C, followed by incubation with secondary antibody for 1 hr at room temperature, then with fluorophore for 30 min at room temperature or incubated with Vector Elite ABC reagent (Vector) for 60 min before developing with diaminobenzidine. Primary antibodies were as follows: anti-pSMADS (Cell Signaling); anti-ID1 and ID3 (BioCheck); anti-IGF1 (Abcam). Secondary antibodies were conjugated with AlexaFluor-555 and AlexaFluor-488 for immunofluorescence and sections were counterstained with DAPI (Vectashield). Secondary antibodies were conjugated with biotin for immunohistochemistry and sections were counterstained with toluidine blue or methyl green. Digital images were obtained using a Zeiss AxioImager MI Microscope fitted with an AxioCam HRC digital camera and Zeiss AxioVision imaging software.
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3

NOTCH3 Mutations in CADASIL Patients

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Brain tissue and genetic mutations in NOTCH3 from six CADASIL patients have been described before10 (link). The study was granted an exemption from IRB review. We examined two additional patients with the mutations R153C and R141C. Locations of mutations of these patients are shown in Figure 1A. Control patients have been described elsewhere11 (link). Tissue was processed into formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded sections followed by citrate mediated antigen retrieval. Control stains were performed on tissue sections with anti-H2 (sc-59467; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) to validate antigenicity of brain proteins in archival material. Cell lines stably expressing NOTCH3 were derive from human embryonic kidney 293 (293) cells stably transfected with plasmids directing the expression of wildt ype or mutant human NOTCH3 and have been previously described 12 (link). Cells were collected by centrifugation, fixed in formalin, and then processed using the same procedure used for brain tissue. All staining was performed using Vector Elite ABC reagents.
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4

Immunohistochemical Detection of GDF8

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Bovine ovaries were dissected into segments and fixed in formalin for 48 h, before being dehydrated through an alcohol series, embedded in wax and sectioned (5 µm) onto Superfrost charged slides (VWR, Lutterworth, UK). Sections were dewaxed and rehydrated prior to boiling in citrate buffer (10 mM citric acid, pH6.0), blocking of endogenous peroxidase (3% H 2 0 2 in methanol) and blocking of nonspecific binding with 20% normal goat serum (NGS, Vector Laboratories Ltd, Peterborough, UK). After this, sections were incubated overnight at 4°C in rabbit antibody against GDF8 (1:200; sc-28910, Santa Cruz) diluted in 2% NGS. Control sections were incubated with normal rabbit serum (1:200) diluted in 2% NGS. Primary antibody binding was detected using biotinylated goat anti-rabbit diluted 1:250 in 2% NGS and Vector Elite ABC reagents (Vector), prepared as per manufacturer's instructions. Visualisation of bound antibodies was achieved using 3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB; Vector), prior to slides being counterstained with haematoxylin, dehydrated through an alcohol series and mounted with coverslips using DPX mounting medium. Sections were imaged using a Zeiss Axioscop 2 microscope and AxioCam digital camera.
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