Recombinant human coronavirus sars cov 2 spike glycoprotein s1 active

All compounds and drugs used were freshly prepared from stock solutions stored at −20°C. Recombinant human coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein S1 (Active) was purchased from Abcam (ab273068). α,β‐mATP was purchased from Cayman Chemical (10008956). α,β‐mATP stocks were prepared in millipore water and capsaicin in ethanol. Krebs bicarbonate solution (KBS) was made on the day of the experiment. Dispase II was purchased from Roche (10888700). HBSS (14170120), Leibovitz's L‐15 Medium (11415064), and Fura‐2 am (F1211) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Capsaicin (M2028), Collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum (C0130), Laminin from Engelbreth‐Holm‐Swarm murine sarcoma basement membrane (L2020), and Poly‐D‐lysine hydrobromide (P6407) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich.

Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) was purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)–1640 medium (R8758, Sigma-Aldrich), Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), peonidin-3-O-glucoside (P3G), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and anti b-actin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (ab273068) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). TRI reagent^® was purchased from Merck Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). ReverTra Ace^® qPCR Master Mix was purchased from Toyobo Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). SensiFAST^TM SYBR^® Lo-ROX Kit was purchased from Meridian Bioscience^® (Cincinnati, OH, USA). The anti-NLRP3, anti-ASC, anti-caspase-1, primary antibody, and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse- or anti-rabbit-IgG were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).

Standard Hesperidin, hesperetin, hispidulin were purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (ab273068) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) was purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Sulforhodamine B reagent, and anti-β-actin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). TRI reagent^® was purchased from Merck Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). ReverTra Ace^® qPCR Master Mix was purchased from Toyobo Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). SensiFAST SYBR Lo-ROX Kit was purchased from Meridian Bioscience^® (Cincinnati, OH, USA). The anti-caspase-1 (p50 and p20), anti-NLRP3, anti-ASC, anti-p-Akt, anti-p-Erk1/2, anti-p-c-Jun, anti-Akt, anti-Erk1/2, anti-c-Jun primary antibodies and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse- or anti-rabbit-IgG were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).