Samples of formulated feed and experimental fish were examined for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and ash by following the protocol of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists [22 ]. For sample collection, two fish from each cage were randomly captured and euthanised with clove oil (0.40 mL L-1) and stored samples at -20°C until the analysis. For the moisture content, whole-body fish samples were oven-dried (Universal Oven UN260, Memmert, Germany) at 105°C until a constant weight was obtained. The protein content (N × 6.25) was ascertained by the Kjeldahl apparatus (Kjeltec 8100, FOSS, Hilleroed, Denmark). Crude fat was extracted by using the Soxhlet apparatus (R106S, Behr Labor-Technik, Dusseldorf, Germany), and ash contents were determined by using a muffle furnace at 550°C (TMF-3100, Eyela Co., Tokyo, Japan).
Tmf 3100
Manufactured by Eyela
Sourced in Japan
The TMF 3100 is a laboratory instrument used for thermal analysis. It measures the physical properties of a sample as a function of temperature or time. The core function of the TMF 3100 is to provide data on the thermal behavior of materials, which can be used for various applications in research and development.
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Lab products found in correlation
5 protocols using tmf 3100
1
Proximate Composition Analysis of Fish
2
Proximate Analysis of Test Diets and Fish
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The proximate analysis of test diets and fish body were carried out from each replicated fish group. Samples were homogenised using a domestic food blender. The moisture, protein, lipid, and ash contents were analyzed following the protocols of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists [15 ]. Moisture was determined by drying at 105°C until a constant weight was achieved. Similarly, ash was heated to 550°C for 16 hours to a constant weight furnace (Tmf-3100, Eyela Co, Tokyo, Japan). Protein content was measured using the Kjeldahl procedure (Kjeltec 8100, FOSS, Hilleroed, Denmark). Crude fat was assessed by Soxhlet extraction (R106S, Behr Labor-Technik, Düsseldorf, Germany) using petroleum ether.
3
Analytical Methods for Feed Composition
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The representative samples of dried feed ingredient (corn), test diets and feces were homogenized by using mortar and pestle separately and were analyzed using standard method (AOAC, 1995) for dry matter (DM), ash, crude lipid (CL) and crude protein (CP). Dry matter contents were measured by drying the samples in oven at 105 °C for 12 hours; ash analysis was performed in electric muffle furnace at 650 °C for 6 hours (Eyela-TMF 3100); crude lipid by petroleum ether extraction method through Soxtec system (Model HT2, 1045); Crude protein (N x 6.25) was determined by micro kjeldahl apparatus. Percent N-free extract was calculated by subtracting the sum of % crude proteins, crude lipids and moisture from 100 i.e. NFE % = 100 -(crude protein% + crude fat% + moisture %). Gross energy was calculated by using the following formula (Crisan and Sands, 1978 (1)
Chromium assay: The chromium oxide content in the feeds and fecal matter was estimated by using UV-VIS 2001 Spectrophotometer at 370 nm absorbance (Divakaran et al., 2002) .
Chromium assay: The chromium oxide content in the feeds and fecal matter was estimated by using UV-VIS 2001 Spectrophotometer at 370 nm absorbance (Divakaran et al., 2002) .
4
Nutritional Analysis of Animal Feeds
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With the use of mortar and pestle, feed ingredients, experimental diets and collected faecal samples were , 1995) . Crude protein (N × 6.25) was assessed by micro-Kjeldahl apparatus, moisture through stove drying at 105°C for 12 h, crude fat by petroleum ether extraction method through Soxtec HT2 1045 system, ash by ignition at 650°C for 12 h in electric furnace (Eyela-TMF 3100) to constant weight and crude fibre as loss on ignition of dried residues that are lipid-free after digestion with 1:1 of NaOH and H 2 SO 4 . Gross energy was evaluated using oxygen bomb calorimeter.
5
Comprehensive Carcass Composition Analysis
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Fish (three) were randomly selected from each replicate and sacrificed using standard methods to analyze carcass composition (AOAC, 1995) . With oxygen-bomb-calorimeter, gross energy in the whole body was assessed. The crude protein was analyzed by Micro Kjeldahl apparatus. The moisture content of the carcass was measured by oven drying the sample at 105 °C for 12 hours. Petroleum ether extraction method through Soxtec system was used to analyze the crude fat while, crude fibre was determined after digestion with 1.25% H 2 SO 4 and 1.25% NaOH, as a loss on ignition of dried lipid-free residues. Ash was determined at 650 °C for 12 hours at constant heat in the electric furnace (Eyela-TMF 3100) Total carbohydrates were calculated using the following Formula 4.
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