Alanine aminotransferase

Automated Haematology analyzer (Mindray, China), Chemistry Analyzer (Mindray, China), total cholesterol (TChol), triglyceride (TRG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirubin (total and direct), urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride reagents, diluent, and lyse all from Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co. Ltd., China, 80-2C centrifuge, urine strips (Urit Medical Electronics Co. Ltd., China), ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) tubes, and serum gel separator tubes (Greenlife, Canada), Sprague–Dawley rats were purchased from Centre for Plant Medicine Research (CPMR), Mampong Akwapim, Ghana. All reagents were analytical grade and solutions freshly prepared.

Raw SO (the dried aerial part of Siegesbeckia orientalis L.) was collected from Ganzhou (Jiangxi province, China). Rice wine was purchased from Zhejiang Tapai Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd. (Zhejiang province, China). LC–MS grade acetonitrile, methanol, and formic acid (FA) were purchased from CNW Technologies (Germany). Kirenol was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Adonitol was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (MO, United States). Milli-Q water was prepared using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, MA, United States). The commercial kits including creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were purchased from Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd. (Guangdong province, China). Malondialdehyde (MDA) was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Jiangsu province, China).