High amylose starch (Hylon VII) was supplied by National Starch/ Ingredion (Westchester, IL, USA). Mesalamine (pharmaceutical grade) was obtained from PharmaZell (Raubling, Germany). Naproxen and atenolol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, ON, Canada). Sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) was from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). Glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and acetaminophen were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride gtmac
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a precursor for the synthesis of other chemical products. GTMAC possesses functional groups that allow it to participate in a range of chemical reactions, making it a versatile component in research and development processes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Chitosan, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Atenolol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Naproxen, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetaminophen, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium chromate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Atlanta Biologicals (1 mentions)
Trifluoroacetic acid d, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Trypsin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Minimum essential medium (mem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Glutaraldehyde solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Avantor (1 mentions)
Polyvinyl alcohol (pva), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Silver nitrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Deuterium oxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nanopure filtration system, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Staphylococcus epidermidis, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Escherichia coli atcc 25922, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
S aureus, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
8 protocols using glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride gtmac
1
Functionalized Starch-Based Carrier for Drugs
2
Crosslinked HTCC Nanofiber Fabrication
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Chitosan (75–85% deacetylated, MW = 190,000–310,000 Da), glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) (⩾90%), PVA (99% hydrolyzed, MW = 89,000–98,000 Da), silver nitrate (⩾99.0%), potassium chromate (⩾99.0%), deuterium oxide and trifluoroacetic acid-d were all purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). To crosslink HTCC nanofibers, glutaraldehyde solution was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
Minimum essential medium (MEM), penicillin–streptomycin, trypsin and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH = 7.2) were purchased from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Atlanta Biologicals (Grand Island, NY). MTT agent, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (⩾97.5%) was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (12.1 M) was purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA). All aqueous solutions were prepared using purified water with a resistivity of ⩾18 MΩ cm from a Nanopure filtration system (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA).
Minimum essential medium (MEM), penicillin–streptomycin, trypsin and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH = 7.2) were purchased from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Atlanta Biologicals (Grand Island, NY). MTT agent, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (⩾97.5%) was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (12.1 M) was purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA). All aqueous solutions were prepared using purified water with a resistivity of ⩾18 MΩ cm from a Nanopure filtration system (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA).
3
Antimicrobial Fluorinated Chitosan Synthesis
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Chitosan (degree of deacetylation:
92%, MW: 50–190 kDa), pentafluoropropionic anhydride, pentadecafluorooctanoyl
chloride, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzaldehyde, glycidyl trimethylammonium
chloride (GTMAC), and silver nitrate (AgNO3) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich. Glacial acetic acid (AcOH), acetone, and all other
chemicals were purchased from reputable local commercial suppliers
and were of analytical reagent grade unless otherwise stated. The
water used in all experiments was double distilled.
Clinical
isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were obtained from Lancet Laboratories, Durban, South Africa,
with ethical approval BE394/15 from the Biomedical Research Ethical
Committee of the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Other reference strains
of bacteria, namely Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556, Salmonella enterica ATCC
10708, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC
12228, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051,
and S. aureus ATCC 29213 and 43300
were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).
92%, MW: 50–190 kDa), pentafluoropropionic anhydride, pentadecafluorooctanoyl
chloride, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzaldehyde, glycidyl trimethylammonium
chloride (GTMAC), and silver nitrate (AgNO3) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich. Glacial acetic acid (AcOH), acetone, and all other
chemicals were purchased from reputable local commercial suppliers
and were of analytical reagent grade unless otherwise stated. The
water used in all experiments was double distilled.
Clinical
isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were obtained from Lancet Laboratories, Durban, South Africa,
with ethical approval BE394/15 from the Biomedical Research Ethical
Committee of the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Other reference strains
of bacteria, namely Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556, Salmonella enterica ATCC
10708, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC
12228, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051,
and S. aureus ATCC 29213 and 43300
were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).
4
Chitosan Purification and Characterization
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Chitosan acquired from a commercial supplier (Cheng Yue Plating Co. Ltd.; Pequim, China) was purified according to Santos et al. [46 (link)], and then dried at 30 °C. The average degree of acetylation ( ) of chitosan was 5%, as determined by the 1H NMR analysis. The viscosity average molecular weight ( ) of chitosan was calculated from its intrinsic viscosity, which was determined in 0.3 mol L−1 acetic acid/0.2 mol L−1 sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) at 25.00 ± 0.01 °C, by using the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation, resulting in ≈ 87.000 g mol−1 [46 (link),47 (link)]. Glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). All other reagents and solvents were used as acquired, i.e., without any purification.
5
Plasma-Functionalized Facemasks with Chitosan-GTMAC
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Chitosan with a degree of deacetylation of 83% and molar mass of 300 kDa, and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC, >90%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). All the other reagents were used in analytical grade, without any purification step.
The masks, composed of either 100% cotton or 100% polypropylene, were obtained from Real Desc - Máscaras Descartáveis (Brazil). Before going through coating processes, they were functionalized with plasma in an inert atmosphere.
The masks, composed of either 100% cotton or 100% polypropylene, were obtained from Real Desc - Máscaras Descartáveis (Brazil). Before going through coating processes, they were functionalized with plasma in an inert atmosphere.
6
Chitosan-Curdlan Adjuvant for Vaccine Delivery
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Chitosan (molecular weight [MW] 100 kDa, .90% degree of deacetylation) was obtained from Haidebei Marine Bioengineering (Jinan, China). Curdlan (MW 100 kDa) was supplied by Zhongke Biotechnology (Weifang, China). Ova, glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC), and a sulfur trioxide–pyridine complex were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Alhydrogel adjuvant 2% (aluminum hydroxide gel) was obtained from InvivoGen (San Diego, CA, USA). MTT and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were obtained from Solarbio Bioscience and Technology (Shanghai, China). Neutral red was supplied by Sangon (Shanghai, China). Goat antimouse HRP-conjugated IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgA were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). IFNγ and IL4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were supplied by Bio-Swamp (Wuhan, China). Antimouse FITC-CD3, APC-CD4, FITC-CD4, PE-CD8a, PE-CD69, PE-F4/80, PE-CD11c, FITC-CD40, FITC-CD86, and FITC–major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). All other chemicals used were of analytical grade.
7
Chitosan-based Fluorescent Probes for SARS-CoV-2 Detection
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Chitosan (low molecular weight [MW], viscometric molecular weight [Mv] = 50 to 190 kDa, degree of deacetylation DDA = 73% based on elemental analysis; Sigma-Aldrich), glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC; Sigma-Aldrich), fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer 1 (FITC; Sigma-Aldrich), glacial acetic acid (ChemPur) (CH3COOH; 99.5% pure p.a.), acetone (Sigma-Aldrich), ethanol (Stanlab), AgNO3 (Sigma-Aldrich), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; POCh), and pyridine (Sigma-Aldrich) were used as received. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S1 subunit derived from Escherichia coli ; MW = 75 kDa) and MERS (S1 fragment [amino acids {aa} 56 to 296] derived from E. coli ; MW = 27 kDa) were purchased from RayBiotech. Gelatin from bovine skin (type B) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Water was distilled twice and deionized using a Millipore Simplicity system.
8
Chitosan Modification and Antimicrobial Testing
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Low molecular weight chitosan (LMW Ch: 50,000–190,000 Da, 75–85% deacetylated), high molecular weight chitosan (HMW Ch; 310,000–375,000 Da, >75% deacetylated), glacial acetic acid (AcOH: 99–100%), and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride GTMAC (technical, >90%) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich, Vienna, Austria. Milli-Q/ultrapure water (resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm at 25 °C) was prepared using the Milli-Q system (Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA). NaOH (˃98%) was purchased from Honeywell (Seelze, Germany).
The chemicals used for the double-layer plaque assay included trypticase soy broth (BD) (TSB) (from Sparks, NV, USA) Bacto agar (BD) (from Sparks, USA), MgCl2·6H2O (Duchefa Biochemie, Haarlem, The Netherlands), and ampicillin sodium salt (Sigma-Aldrich, Spruce Street, St.Louis, MO, USA).
The chemicals used for the double-layer plaque assay included trypticase soy broth (BD) (TSB) (from Sparks, NV, USA) Bacto agar (BD) (from Sparks, USA), MgCl2·6H2O (Duchefa Biochemie, Haarlem, The Netherlands), and ampicillin sodium salt (Sigma-Aldrich, Spruce Street, St.Louis, MO, USA).
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