Anhydrous ethanol

Ca(NO₃)₂•4H₂O, (NH4)₂HPO₄, anhydrous ethanol, and ammonia solution were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Beijing, China). HepG2 and human hepatocyte (L-02) cells were provided by China Center for Type Culture Collection. DMEM medium, RPMI-1640, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), penicillin-streptomycin, and trypsin-EDTA were purchased from HyClone. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were provided by Tianhang Biotechnology Co. (Zhejiang, China). 2‘,7‘-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH/DA), propidium iodide (PI), Hoechst33342, HRP-conjugated IgG, Caspase-3, 8, and 9 fluorescence assay kits were purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Haimen, China).

Ethyleneglycol, anhydrous ethanol, sodium acetate anhydrous, iron(iii) chloride hexahydrate, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), concentrated ammonium aqueous solution (25 wt%), sodium citrate, silver nitrate, sodium nitrite, hydrochloric acid, sodium carbonate, acetonitrile, potassium chloride and sodium chloride were purchased from the Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Salbutamol (SAL), sulfanilic acid, 2,2′-benzidinedisulfonic acid, clenbuterol hydrochloride, l-lysine monohydrate, aminoacetic acid, glycerol and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) contained NaCl (100 mM) and 10 mM Na₂HPO₄/KH₂PO₄, were bought from Aladdin Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Deionized water (Millipore) with a resistivity of 18 MΩ cm was used in all experiments.
2.39 mg SAL was dissolved in 10 mL methanol (1.0 × 10⁻³ M) and kept in the dark at 4 °C as stock solution. Then its standard solution was obtained by diluting the stock solution to the desired concentration with distilled water.

To minimize the batch difference of produced composites, mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNs) and amino-functionalized MSNs (MSNs-NH₂) were obtained from XFNANO industry. Bovine α-lactalbumin (calcium depleted, ≥85% purity) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC), oleic acid, docetaxel, N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS) were from Shanghai Aladdin biochemical technology. Acetonitrile of HPLC-grade, anhydrous ethanol and dichloromethane were from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent. Dialysis membrane (molecular mass cutoff of 8–14 ​kDa) was obtained from Henghuibio technology development co., LTD. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), penicillin-streptomycin (10000 U/ml) were purchased from Gibco (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), JC-1 (5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazoly l-carbocyanineiodide) and Mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit were purchased from MedChemExpress. Dithiothreitol (DTT), 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and 0.25% trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology. The assay solutions were prepared using deionized water. All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade unless otherwise specified.