Inactivated S. pneumoniae whole-cell vaccines were prepared as previously described [24 (link)]. Briefly, non-encapsulated S. pneumoniae TIGR4 was cultured in TSB at 37 °C to mid-log phase. The bacterial cells were washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and lyophilized. For r-SP, the lyophilized cells were irradiated with 10 kGy of gamma-irradiation using a cobalt-60 gamma-ray irradiator (point source AECL, IR-79, MDS Nordion, Ottawa, ON, Canada) at the Advanced Research Technology Institute (ARTI: Jeoneup, Korea). The cells were then resuspended in PBS. h-SP was prepared by resuspending the lyophilized cells in PBS and incubating them at 65 °C for 2 h. For f-SP, the lyophilized cells were resuspended in 0.2% formaldehyde in PBS for 2 h. The r-SP, h-SP, and f-SP were confirmed for complete inactivation by plating on agar plates of Todd Hewitt containing 0.5% yeast extract (THY) [29 (link)] at 37 °C for three days.
Ir 79
Manufactured by Nordion
Sourced in Canada
IR-79 is a laboratory instrument designed for the analysis of materials using infrared spectroscopy. It is capable of measuring the absorption and transmission of infrared light through samples, providing information about the chemical composition and molecular structure of the tested materials.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
9 protocols using ir 79
1
Preparation of Inactivated Pneumococcal Vaccines
2
Nialamide Irradiation and Purification
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Nialamide irradiation was performed at the Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI; Jeongeup, Republic of Korea) using a cobalt-60 irradiator (point source AELC; IR-79; MDS Nordion International Co. Ltd.) with a source strength of ~320 kCi and a dose of 10 kGy/h. Pure nialamide (1 g) was initially dissolved in MeOH (1:l), placed in chapped glass bottles and then directly irradiated with a dose of 50 kGy. After irradiation, the sample solution was promptly concentrated using a rotary vacuum evaporator to eliminate the methanol and was subsequently lyophilized.
3
Solvent Irradiation and Freeze-Drying
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Sample solutions dissolved in ethanol were irradiated at a dose of 10 kGy in a 60cobalt irradiator (point source AECL, IR-79, MDS Nordion International Co., Ltd, Ottawa, ON, Canada) at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (Jeoung-eup, Korea). The irradiated sample was then concentrated under reduced pressure and was freeze-dried to powdered form (26 g). The resulting powder was stored at −20°C until further analysis.
4
Cobalt-60 Irradiation of ARE Samples
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Samples in tightly capped containers were irradiated with a cobalt-60 irradiator
(point source, AECL, IR-79, Nordion, Ottawa, Canada) launched into Greenpia
Technology Inc. (Kyunggi, Korea) at 0, 5, 10, and 20 kGy of absorbed doses. The
source strength was approximately 100 kCi with a dose rate of 70 Gy/min at
20±0.5℃. Dosimetry was performed using 5 mm diameter alanine
dosimeters (Bruker Instruments, Rheinestetten, Germany). Free radical signal was
measured using a Bruker EMS 104 EPR Analyzer. The actual dose was
within±0.02 kGy of the target dose. Samples were turned 3600 continuously
during the irradiation process to achieve uniform target doses. Non-irradiated
ARE (Control) was placed outside the irradiation chamber to have the same
environmental temperature effect as the irradiating sample. Irradiated ARE
sample solutions were lyophilized and stored in a refrigerator of 4℃.
(point source, AECL, IR-79, Nordion, Ottawa, Canada) launched into Greenpia
Technology Inc. (Kyunggi, Korea) at 0, 5, 10, and 20 kGy of absorbed doses. The
source strength was approximately 100 kCi with a dose rate of 70 Gy/min at
20±0.5℃. Dosimetry was performed using 5 mm diameter alanine
dosimeters (Bruker Instruments, Rheinestetten, Germany). Free radical signal was
measured using a Bruker EMS 104 EPR Analyzer. The actual dose was
within±0.02 kGy of the target dose. Samples were turned 3600 continuously
during the irradiation process to achieve uniform target doses. Non-irradiated
ARE (Control) was placed outside the irradiation chamber to have the same
environmental temperature effect as the irradiating sample. Irradiated ARE
sample solutions were lyophilized and stored in a refrigerator of 4℃.
5
Gamma-Irradiated Ovalbumin Preparation
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OVA (ovalbumin, grade V, Sigma, USA) was dissolved in a 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to 50 mg/mL. OVA solution was irradiated at 1 kGy in a cobalt-60 irradiator (IR-79, Nordion International Ltd., Canada) equipped with 100 KCi activity and operated at a dose rate of 10 kGy/h. Gamma-irradiated OVA solutions were stored at 4℃.
6
Gamma Irradiation of Nitrofurantoin in Methanol
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A sample solution of NF (0.5 g) in methanol (200 ml) in chapped vials was irradiated at 0-75 kGy (absorbed dose). Irradiation was carried out at ambient temperature using a cobalt-60 irradiator (point source AECL, IR-79, MDS Nordion International Co. Ltd.) at the Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (Jeongup, Korea). The source strength was ~320 kCi with a dose rate of 10 kGy/h. Using gamma rays, NF in methanol solution was directly irradiated and converted products were monitored using an Agilent Technologies 1100 series HPLC system (Agilent Technologies, Inc.). HPLC analysis was carried out on a YMC-Pack ODS-A column (4.6x150 mm; YMC Korea Co., Ltd.) and was developed at 40˚C with 1% formic acid/methyl cyanide (1:1, flow rate: 1.0 ml/min, detection: 280 nm). The irradiated methanolic solution was immediately evaporated to remove the solvent and lyophilized.
7
Irradiation of Ground Pork Meat
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Fresh pork ham (Musculus biceps femoris, M. emitendinosus, M. semimembranosus) and back fat were purchased in a local market. All subcutaneous, intermuscular fat and visible connective tissue were removed from the fresh pork muscles. Trimmed muscles were ground through an 8 mm plate, after which the ground tissue was placed in polyethylene bags, vacuum-packaged using a vacuum packaging system (FJ-500XL, Fugee Tech, Korea) and stored −20℃ until irradiation.
The meat was irradiated at 10 kGy in a cobalt-60 irradiator (point source, AECL, IR-79, Nordion international, Canada) with source strength of 100 kCi in Advanced Radiation Technology Institute of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (Korea). The dose rate was 10 kGy/h at 18±0.5℃. Dosimetry was performed using 5 mm diameter alanine dosimeters (Bruker Instruments, Germany), and the free-radical signal was measured using a Bruker EMS 104 EPR Analyzer. The actual dose was within ±2% of the target dose. The irradiated ground pork meat was transferred to a refrigerator and stored until required for product manufacture within 3 d.
The meat was irradiated at 10 kGy in a cobalt-60 irradiator (point source, AECL, IR-79, Nordion international, Canada) with source strength of 100 kCi in Advanced Radiation Technology Institute of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (Korea). The dose rate was 10 kGy/h at 18±0.5℃. Dosimetry was performed using 5 mm diameter alanine dosimeters (Bruker Instruments, Germany), and the free-radical signal was measured using a Bruker EMS 104 EPR Analyzer. The actual dose was within ±2% of the target dose. The irradiated ground pork meat was transferred to a refrigerator and stored until required for product manufacture within 3 d.
8
Gamma Irradiation of TIGR4Δlgt Bacteria
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Harvested TIGR4Δlgt (1 × 1010 CFU/ml) were irradiated using a 60Co-gamma irradiator (point source AECL, IR-79, MDS Nordion International Co., Ottawa, ON, Canada) at the Advanced Radiation Technology Institute of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (Jeoneup, Korea) with absorbed dose of 5 kGy for 1 h at room temperature.
9
Gamma Irradiation Effects on Mackerel Meat
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The vacuum-packed mackerel meat and crude urease samples were γ-irradiated at doses of 3, 7, 10, and 20 kGy. Gamma irradiation was performed using a cobalt-60 irradiator (point source AECL, IR-79; MDS Nordion International Co., Ltd., Canada) equipped with an 11.1 PBq source at 10 ± 0.5°C and operated at a dose rate of 10 kGy/h at the Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI) of the Korea Atomic Energy Institute (KAERI, Republic of Korea). The dosimetry was calibrated using 5-mm diameter alanine dosimeters (Bruker Instruments, Germany). Gamma-irradiated or non-irradiated mackerel meat samples were stored at 4°C for 20 days without a vacuum. TMA, VBN, color values, pH, ammonia nitrogen, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at 10-day intervals.
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