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1

Spectroscopic Characterization of Compounds

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The NMR spectra (1H and 13C) were recorded on four different Bruker instruments including 400 MHz, 500 MHz, 600 MHz, 800 MHz. Chemical shifts are given in δ (ppm) value relative to TMS as internal standard. Deuterated solvents were used to dissolve the samples for NMR experiments. The HR-ESI-MS spectra were obtained from Bruker Compact QToF and MAXIS II mass spectrometers. EI-MS and FAB-MS data were recorded on a Jeol JMS HX 110 mass spectrometer. Silica gel (230–400 meshes) was used for column chromatography. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and preparative TLC were performed on precoated silica gel plates (60 F254, Macherey-Nagel) using various solvent systems as eluent. Spots were visualized using UV light (λmax 254 and 366 nm) and diluted sulphuric acid (10%).
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2

Spectroscopic Characterization of Organic Compounds

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NMR spectra were acquired with a 300 MHz Bruker Avance spectrometer (300.13 MHz for 1H and 75.5 MHz for 13C) in CDCl3 or DMSO-d6 and were referenced to residual solvent proton signals (δH = 7.26 and 2.50, respectively) and solvent carbon signals (δC = 77.16 and 39.52, respectively). Multiplicities are abbreviated as follows: s = singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, q = quartet, m = multiplet, br = broad, dd = doublet of doublets, dt = doublet of triplets, ddd = doublet/doublets of doublets; coupling constants, J, are reported in Hz. Mass spectra were acquired with an HRMS-ESI-qTOF spectrometer Nexera LCMS9030 or MaXis II Bruker Daltonic GmbH (electrospray ionization mode, positive ions detection). Flash column chromatography on silica (Merck, 230–400 mesh) was performed with a Biotage Isolera Prime instrument. TLC was performed on aluminum-backed pre-coated plates (0.25 mm) with silica gel 60 F254 with a suitable solvent system and was visualized using UV fluorescence.
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3

Quantifying Collagen Post-Translational Modifications

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The purified collagen samples were treated with trypsin as described above and subjected to electrospray LC–MS using an ultrahigh resolution (UHR) quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer (maXis II, Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) with a Shimadzu Prominence UFLC-XR system (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The samples were applied to an Ascentis Express C18 HPLC column (5 μm particle size, 2.1 mm × 150 mm; Supelco) with a binary gradient of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as described previously.19 (link) The MS scan was obtained over the m/z range of 50–2500 with a frequency of 2 Hz in positive ion mode. The relative extent of Lys hydroxylation and Hyl glycosylation (Lys, Hyl, G-Hyl, and GG-Hyl) at the specific sites in type I collagen was calculated as reported previously.19 (link),21 (link)
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4

Mass Spectrometry Analysis of AvrRxo1 Products

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Molecular masses of AvrRxo1products purified from in vitro reactions and small metabolite extracts were determined on a Bruker maXis II mass spectrometer (Bruker Corp., Billerica, MA) following dilution in deionized water. Compounds were fragmented by collision-induced dissociation at −45 eV for phosphorylated NAD and −40 eV for phosphorylated NAAD.
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of Radiopharmaceutical Precursor

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ER176 standard and precursor 1 were purchased from Pharm Synth (Tartu, Estonia). All other chemicals were purchased from Fisher Scientific and Sigma Aldrich and used without further purification. Batches of precursor were dissolved in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), partitioned, and stored at −15 °C. Potassium hydroxide (Sigma Aldrich) was milled using a mortar and pestle and SPE cartridges (Sep-Pak® Waters Corporation) were preconditioned with ethanol and deionized water prior to use.
Semi-preparative and analytical HPLC systems consisted of Waters 1515 and 515 HPLC pumps respectively, Waters 2489 HPLC UV detectors set at 235 nm absorbance, and in-line radioactivity detectors (Carroll & Ramsey Associates model 105-S). Semi-preparative HPLC purification utilized an Xterra C18 RP Shield column (10 μm, 7.8 x 300 mm, 125 Å, Waters) with varying eluent mobile phases and flow rates (vide infra). Analytical HPLC used a Luna C18(2) (5 μm, 4.6 x 250 mm, 100 Å, Phenomenex) column with a 68:32 methanol:water mobile phase at a flow rate of 2.5 mL/min. Radioactivity of final drug product was quantified using a calibrated ion chamber dose calibrator (CRC-15R, Capintec Inc.). High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was performed on a Bruker MaXis II using ESI infusion, positive ion mode.
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6

Mass Spectrometry Analysis of gRNA Samples

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All gRNA samples were prepared at 10 mg/mL in
water and injected
(20 μL) on a Thermo Accucore, C30, 2.6 μM, 2.1 mm ×
250 mm column (Waltham, MA) using a Waters H-Class Quaternary UPLC
(Milford, MA) directly coupled to a Bruker Daltonics maXis II ultrahigh
resolution QTOF mass spectrometer (Billerica, MA). Mobile phase A
(MPA) was 100 mM of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), 16.3
mM of triethylamine (TEA), and 1% methanol; mobile phase B (MPB) was
50% methanol and 50% acetonitrile; and mobile phase C (MPC) was 50%
methanol and 0.1% formic acid. MPC was used as a wash solution at
the end of the gradient to reduce metal adducts in the LC-MS system.50 (link) The column was run at an ambient temperature
with a flow rate of 250 μL/min and a linear gradient of 95:5%
MPA/MPB to 50:50% MPA/MPB over 5 min followed by 3 min of MPC and
4 min of equilibration. The Bruker maXis II was set to negative polarity,
a spectral rate of 1.00 Hz, a source capillary of 4500 V, a source
dry gas of 8.0 L/min, a source dry temperature of 220 °C, an
MRM mass of 1439.5 m/z, an MRM width
of 200.0 m/z, and an MRM collision
energy of 34.0 eV.
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7

UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-UHRMS Analysis Protocol

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All mass spectrometry experiments were performed on a 1290 UHPLC system (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) equipped with DAD, ELSD and maXis II™ (Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) ESI‐QTOF‐UHRMS with the gradient: 0 min: 95% A; 0.30 min: 95% A; 18.00 min: 4.75% A; 18.10 min: 0% A; 22.50 min: 0% A; 22.60 min: 95% A; 25.00 min: 95% A (A: H2O, 0.1% formic acid (FA); B: acetonitrile, 0.1% FA; flow: 600 μl min−1). Column oven temperature: 45°C. Column: Acquity UPLC BEH C18 1.7 μm (2.1 × 100 mm) with Acquity UPLC BEH C18 1.7 μm VanGuard Pre‐Column (2.1 × 5 mm). Injection volume was either 1 or 2 µl.
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8

Characterizing Marine Cyanobacterial Metabolites

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Selected VLC-derived marine cyanobacterial fractions were analyzed in the positive-ion-mode electrospray ionization using an MS system (Bruker MAXIS II equipped with a Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight mass analyzer) coupled to an HPLC (Agilent 1290 Infinity equipped with a diode array detector) on a Phenomenex analytical C18 column (2.5 µm, 100 Å, 4.6 × 150 mm). Each fraction was eluted with a starting mobile phase of 5% ACN:95% H2O (0.1% formic acid), followed by a gradient of up to 100% ACN for 15 min at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The raw data file was analyzed using compact Data Analyst (Bruker software) to provide accurate and high-resolution mass per charge molecular ions in the fractions and generate molecular formulae using a Bruker SmartFormula manually.
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9

Covalent Modification of Src Kinase Domain

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HPLC was done by using C18 reverse-phase HPLC column. Control sample was prepared by incubating 0.5 mg/ml Src-KD with 5 M Guanidinium chloride (Gu.HCl) for 10 min. To determine if 4 is covalently modifying the Src kinase domain, 0.5 mg/ml Src was incubated with an equimolar ratio of 4 for 1 h and then the sample was treated with 5 M Gu.HCl for 10 min. In total, 100 μl of each sample was injected into the column that was pre-equilibrated with 5% CH3CN + 95% water +0.1% TFA. Protein was eluted by a linear gradient of 10 to 90% CH3CN+0.1% TFA. The elution of protein and 4 was monitored by measuring the absorbance at 280 and 416 nm, respectively. The pure eluted fractions were used for ESI-MS mass spectrometry (Bruker maXis II instrument).
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10

Synthesis and Analysis of Bismuth-based Materials

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MS samples were prepared by mixing CEF and bismuth nitrate in water, following by addition of NH4OH to adjust the pH to ~7. The mixture was incubated at room temperature for 1 h with gentle shaking. Then the mixed solution was diluted by methanol to a final concentration of 1 μM for the MS examination. Sodium formate was used as an internal standard. Mass Spectrometry was performed and analyzed by UHR TOF LC-MS system, Bruker Maxis II and Bruker data analysis.
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